🧠 828 Findings: “The 2020 Election — An Attack Upon U.S. Critical Infrastructure”

A system defect in the Arizona Motor Vehicle Division's automated voter registration interface allowed approximately 98,000 voter registrations to be processed and validated without requiring documentary proof of citizenship - the constitutional and statutory precondition for voter registration in Arizona. This defect persisted undetected for approximately 20 years. Arizona officials were aware of the defect but did not publicly disclose it, reportedly due to concern that disclosure would validate election integrity claims. This is classified as an Established Fact because official government records confirm the defect's existence; the number of affected registrations and whether those individuals voted are subject to further investigation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

21. Number of voters with unconfirmed citizenship documents more than doubles in battleground Arizona — Associated Press
22. AZ updates tally of voters mis-listed as providing proof of citizenship to 218,000 — Just The News

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In October 2020, an operative employed by GBI Strategies, LLC, a nationally operating voter registration organization, delivered between 8,000 and 10,000 voter registration forms to the Muskegon, Michigan city clerk's office. The forms exhibited hallmarks of organized fraud: identical handwriting across multiple applications, non-existent addresses, and fictitious phone numbers. Identical, coordinated spikes in new registrations occurred on October 9, 2020, across 8 major Michigan jurisdictions - a statistical clustering inconsistent with organic civic participation and consistent with coordinated, organized data injection. The Muskegon city clerk's office confirmed receipt of the forms; Michigan State Police were notified; the investigation was subsequently shielded from public disclosure and from local clerks by the Secretary of State's office and the Attorney General. GBI Strategies was contracted by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC).

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

30. FBI Deputy Director Dan Bongino Called The 2020 GBI Strategies Mass Voter Registration Fraud Investigation 'A MAJOR STORY!' — The Gateway Pundit
31. Workers at firm probed for 2020 voter registration fraud warned police about 'red flags' — Just The News
32. GBI Strategies‘ national role and DSCC relationship

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Multiple poll challengers present at the TCF Center Absentee Voter Counting Boards in Detroit on November 3-4, 2020, provided sworn testimony that election workers were manually entering thousands of unverified ballots into electronic poll books for voters who were not listed in the QVF. In each instance, workers entered a placeholder birthdate of January 1, 1900 - a date used to bypass the QVF's automated validation requirement, which requires a legitimate date of birth to complete a voter entry. This conduct, if proven, constitutes a systemic and deliberate circumvention of the QVF's identity-verification function, allowing votes to be credited to individuals who were not registered voters in the system. This conduct is classified as an Established Fact because it was corroborated by multiple sworn witnesses under penalty of perjury before legislative committees.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

33. Great Lakes Justice Center Press Release — LetsFixStuff.org
34. Undocumented Ballots at TCF Center — The Gateway Pundit

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Investigation of Wayne County QVF data identified 333 registered voters listed as "active" with ages of 115 years or older - well beyond any credible lifespan. More critically, specific named individuals were identified as having votes cast in their names despite having been deceased for decades: Ardis Barnes (died 1968) and Selma Steel (died 1992) are specifically documented instances. The existence of votes credited to persons who died 28 and 52 years before the election, respectively, cannot be explained by data-entry error or system limitations. These are not statistical anomalies; they are specific, named, verifiable instances of votes appearing in records attributed to confirmed deceased persons.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

35. https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2025/11/meet-michigans-dead-voters-some-voted-person-others/
36. Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) v. Jocelyn Benson (NVRA enforcement action, Sixth Circuit, U.S. Supreme Court petition filed Oct. 8, 2025). PILF documented 27,000+ deceased registrants on Michigan's voter rolls, providing the basis for NVRA-enforcement litigation against the Michigan Secretary of State; available at
37. Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) v. Jocelyn Benson (NVRA enforcement action, Sixth Circuit, U.S. Supreme Court petition filed Oct. 8, 2025). PILF documented 27,000+ deceased registrants on Michigan's voter rolls, providing the basis for NVRA-enforcement litigation against the Michigan Secretary of State; available at
38. MCL § 168.509o (Michigan Compiled Laws - removal of deceased voters). State statute requiring removal of deceased persons from voter rolls; available at

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Federal Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS) data for Pennsylvania in the 2020 election, as analyzed by the Public Interest Legal Foundation from EAC federal data, reflects that of 3.1 million mail ballots transmitted to voters, 425,606 were classified as 'unknown' — meaning election officials could not account for their disposition — and an additional 15,175 were confirmed undeliverable, for a combined total of 440,781 ballots that were either untracked or undeliverable within the mail ballot management system. This combined figure exceeds the state's certified presidential margin of victory of 80,555 votes by a ratio of more than 5:1. Under HAVA, states are required to maintain a system capable of tracking mail ballot status; the presence of 425,606 ballots in an affirmatively untracked category represents a fundamental breakdown of the required ballot tracking framework. This is classified as Established Fact because it is drawn directly from federal EAVS data — official government-reported statistics compiled by the U.S. Election Assistance Commission — with the specific Pennsylvania figures available in the 2020 EAVS public dataset (Version 1.1, released October 8, 2021) at eac.gov, and independently analyzed in PILF's September 9, 2021 research brief.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

45. 2020 EAVS Comprehensive Report — U.S. Election Assistance Commission
46. Report: 440,000 Pennsylvania Mail Ballots 'Went Missing or Undeliverable'

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[Established Fact – As to data fields documented] In his December 16, 2020 testimony to the U.S. Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, Pennsylvania Rep. Frank Ryan cited multiple inconsistencies in the Commonwealth’s SURE system data for the 2020 general election, including: an “over-vote” in Philadelphia County where mail‑in ballots counted briefly exceeded mail‑in ballots issued; a roughly 400,000‑ballot increase in reported mail ballots sent between November 2 and the November 4 PA Open Data download; and a one‑day addition of 75,505 returned ballots between the November 15 and November 16 voter datasets. Ryan further referenced “mail date irregularities” affecting 154,584 ballots and “voter date of birth irregularities” for 1,573 voters recorded as over age 100 and argued that such discrepancies required a detailed review of SURE transaction logs to assess compliance with applicable election laws and controls.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

47. Testimony of Rep. Frank Ryan, December 16, 2020

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The Wisconsin voter database contained 569,277 active voters who shared an identical registration application date of January 1, 1918 - a placeholder date that functions as a system default, not as an actual registration date. Of these anomalous registrations, 115,252 cast ballots in the November 2020 election. The existence of over half a million active voters in a state database with an identical, clearly false application date - and the subsequent casting of ballots by more than 115,000 of those registrations - raises fundamental questions about when those voters were actually registered, by what process, and whether the underlying identity information associated with those registrations was validated.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

51. 115,252 of those records confirmed to have cast ballots in Nov. 2020 general election). Reported contemporaneously in Julian Conradson, 'UPDATE: Elections Expert Reveals Over 550,000 Registered Voters in Wisconsin Have a Registration Date of 1/1/1918 – 115,252 of Them VOTED in 2020,' The Gateway Pundit, Jan. 20, 2022. Official government concession of placeholder: Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC), FAQ: 'Why does the statewide voter registration database include multiple voters with birth dates of 1/1/1900 and registration dates of 1/1/1918?' (elections.wi.gov/faq) — WEC confirms 1/1/1918 is a legacy data-migration placeholder applied to records lacking authentic registration dates, resulting from the 2005-06 migration of 200+ municipal legacy systems into SVRS/WisVote. WEC's contemporaneous figure: ~120,000 records (disputed vs. O'Donnell's 569,277 — basis of discrepancy unresolved
52. requires forensic database audit). Legislative record: Wisconsin Assembly Joint Resolution 120 (AJR120), introduced Jan. 25, 2022, incorporating related O'Donnell voter-roll findings from the Dec. 8, 2021 Assembly Committee hearing into the formal legislative record (docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2021/related/proposals/ajr120). Applicable statutes: Wis. Stat. § 6.27

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Wisconsin law (Wis. Stat. § 6.86(2)) permits voters who are permanently or indefinitely confined due to age, illness, infirmity, or disability to request absentee ballots without submitting photo identification. In 2020, Wisconsin experienced a 287% statewide surge in the number of voters claiming "indefinitely confined" status, reaching 220,404 ballots cast under that designation. This surge followed instructions issued by multiple Democrat-affiliated county clerks - including Scott McDonell (Dane County) and Claire Woodall-Vogg (Milwaukee) - advising the general public that any voter could use the indefinitely confined designation to bypass photo ID requirements. The Legislative Audit Bureau subsequently found that 48,554 voters who claimed indefinitely confined status had no photo ID on file with WEC. The Wisconsin Supreme Court subsequently ruled in Teigen v. WEC (2022) that drop boxes used in conjunction with this absentee ballot expansion were unlawful.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

53. LAB Report 21-19: Elections Administration — Legislative Audit Bureau
54. Gateway Pundit Summary citing LAB — The Gateway Pundit

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The Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) failed to record in WisVote available ineligibility information regarding: (1) persons under court-ordered guardianship who are prohibited from voting under Wis. Stat. § 6.03(1)(a); (2) non-citizens who are ineligible under Wis. Stat. § 6.02; and (3) adjudicated incompetent individuals. Circuit court guardianship data was available to WEC but was not integrated into WisVote. Department of Transportation records identifying non-citizen driver's license holders were available but not cross-referenced. Both failures violate the HAVA requirement, 52 U.S.C. § 20503(b), that states remove ineligible voters from their computerized voter lists in accordance with state law.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

55. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just The News
56. Wisconsin Voter Alliance v. Reynolds Court of Appeals Opinion
57. seqNo=726837: Wisconsin Courts

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[Established Fact - As to WisVote API access to ERIC and CTCL] The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC) is a nonprofit consortium of which Michigan, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Wisconsin, and Arizona were all members in 2020. ERIC receives voter roll data from member states Voter Registration Database APIs and compares it to detect duplicate registrations, deceased voters, and address changes. The source record documents that despite ERIC's access to cross-state data, voters registered at commercial addresses (warehouses, vacant lots, UPS stores) in Georgia, voters registered in multiple states in Pennsylvania, and deceased voters in Michigan all remained on active rolls through November 3, 2020. Additionally, the OSC Gableman Report documented that WEC shared real-time API access to WisVote data with CTCL and ERIC - partisan-aligned nonprofit organizations - while denying equivalent access to the public and to the legislative investigators conducting the election oversight inquiry.

📍 Jurisdiction: National, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

60. ERIC Investigation Part 2
61. Who Has Access To Election Records — LetsFixStuff.org

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The Intelligence Community also hid that the Chinese government was manufacturing and importing fake Driver’s Licenses into the United States for election use. These ID’s were made for Chinese people living among us, in various States. The DL’s were to help them vote for Biden using fake mail- in ballots. Four months before the election, in July 2020, US Customs and Border Protection seized 19,888 Driver Licenses at O’Hare International Airport. The barcodes on the Michigan licenses actually worked. Hmm? CBP never disclosed that these ID’s were for an election plot.

📍 Jurisdiction: Foreign, China

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

62. U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Press Release (July 27, 2020): CBP officers at Chicago O'Hare International Airport seized a shipment of 19,888 counterfeit driver's licenses. The licenses were manufactured in China and the barcodes on the Michigan licenses functioned correctly. CBP identified this as the largest seizure of counterfeit IDs in agency history at that time; available at
63. American Military News, '20,000 fake licenses, mostly from China, seized at Chicago O'Hare Airport in 2020' (Aug. 10, 2020). Reports on the July 27 CBP press release and confirms details including that Michigan barcodes worked; available at

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The State of Arizona, from July 3 to Sept 4, 2021, researched the voter identity of 673,560 registered AZ Voters and found that they could not identify 58% or 393,017 as being real human beings. The State found these “people” could not be identified through either an Arizona MVD driver’s license search, nor could they be identified or found under a federal search with the last 4 numbers of their Social Security #, name and date of birth.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

67. Senate Wendy Rogers, November 9, 2021
68. Cyber Ninjas, 'Maricopa County Forensic Audit — Volume I: Executive Summary' (Arizona Senate, released Sept. 24, 2021). Official audit report contracted by Arizona Senate, released Sept. 24, 2021. Executive summary confirms voter identity verification was conducted through Arizona MVD and federal SSA systems. Findings Summary table lists multiple critical voter history and registration concerns; available at
69. Arizona Senate Hearing (Sept. 24, 2021), presentation of Cyber Ninjas audit results — YouTube video of full hearing. Doug Logan and audit team presented full findings to Arizona Senate, including voter identity verification results; available at

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Per MCL 168.813, the state Qualified Voter File (QVF) must reflect the list of people who voted within 7 days of an election. According to Michigan Law (MCL 168.509q), voter history data must be retained in the QVF for a minimum of 5 years. Examination of the voter history data stored in the November 2025 QVF reveals that the number of voter IDs that cast ballots in 2020 election is 499,850 fewer than the 5,579,317 ballots that the Michigan Secretary of State says were cast in the 2020 election. The scale of the imbalance between number of voters and ballots is more than 3 times the reported margin of victory for Joe Biden over Donald Trump in the 2020 election.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

70. MCL 168.813
71. MCL 168.509q
72. The 499,850 voter deficit
73. https://rumble.com/v707vh8-vote-history-records-data-manipulation-summary-for-the-last-6-years.html?__cf_chl_tk=imISFVdu0gR7CNrZwuN37Ga3EtgAII4WzR.QpnV8dgY-1775065712-1.0.1.1-Wm6YKiLaClvPcK5C9MoDAygsq78zYfBrGtW6mv4Xwxc
74. Direct link

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During active voting on November 3, 2020, a software update was deployed to the "Sitebooks" - Maricopa County's electronic poll book system - that resulted in the electronic poll book issuing multiple ballots to a single voter without triggering any alert or requiring supervisor override. A poll worker testified under oath that the update neutralized the system's primary technical control against double voting. The Sitebooks are the only mechanism that prevents in-person double issuance; their disablement during active voting transformed the poll book from an access-control device into a passive log.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

75. Maricopa County Elections Department, 'Election Day and Emergency Voting Plan' (March 2020 Presidential Preference Election). Official county document confirming: 'The Department will deploy the use of SiteBooks to check-in voters at all polling locations and vote centers. The SiteBook is a voter check-in system, with similar functionality to an electronic poll book referenced in state statute.' Plans to deploy 1,400+ SiteBook check-in stations; available at
76. U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC), '2023 U.S. EAC Voluntary E-Poll Book Pilot Program Report' (Oct. 2023). Includes Maricopa County's SiteBook 3.4 as one of the evaluated e-poll book systems, confirming it remains the county's official EPB system through 2023; available at
77. Improper Governmental Operations of the Maricopa County Elections Department and Board of Supervisors, We the People AZ Alliance

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The Arizona State Senate's Audit Liaison, Ken Bennett, formally documented that Maricopa County failed to produce chain-of-custody documentation required by A.R.S. § 16-621(E) for election equipment and ballots during the active election period. This gap directly implicates the Sitebook EPB records: without chain-of-custody documentation, it is impossible to determine whether the EPB logs were altered, supplemented, or replaced between Election Day and their production to auditors. The Cyber Ninjas audit team confirmed it was "never provided Chain-of-Custody documentation for the ballots for the time-period prior to the ballot's movement into the Auditors' care."

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

78. Senate Audit Liaison Ken Bennett, Compliance Report (Sept. 2021), quoted in AZ Investigative Legal-Policy Report (Feb. 2026) [3]; Cyber Ninjas, Maricopa County Forensic Election Audit, Vol. I (Sept. 24, 2021)

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Official Fulton County records demonstrate that 22,534 more ballots were counted in the November 3, 2020 General Election than the number of voters actually credited in the voter history file as having cast a ballot. The county additionally failed to create and maintain the legally required numbered list of voters for all advance voting locations - severing the audit trail for tens of thousands of ballots at the earliest link in the chain of custody. Without a numbered voters list, there is no official, contemporaneous record of which individuals were issued advance ballots, making it impossible to reconcile the advance ballot count against any external check. The certified margin of victory in Georgia was 12,670 votes.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

79. Report of Investigation Fulton 2020 — Election Oversight Group, LLC

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The EOG Report documented that there are only nine (9) zero tapes for the 148 tabulators used for advance voting in Fulton County, and that all 138 closing tapes for those same tabulators are "fraudulent, invalid, and do not bear the serial number or identity of the machines used to actually scan the ballots." Zero tapes establish the starting count of a machine before voting begins; their near-total absence means there is no documentary basis to establish that machines were not pre- loaded with votes. Additionally, no daily recap sheets, no numbered lists of voters, and no poll pad check-in lists exist for the entirety of Fulton County's advance voting period - a complete destruction of the voter-to-ballot audit trail for that entire voting category.80, 81

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

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Sworn poll challengers present at the TCF Center Absentee Voter Counting Board on November 3-4, 2020 observed election workers manually entering thousands of individuals into the Electronic Poll Books (EPBs) for persons who were not listed in the Qualified Voter File (QVF) - Michigan's statewide voter registration system. To bypass the EPB's system validation, which would otherwise reject an unregistered individual, workers uniformly assigned these individuals a fabricated placeholder birthdate of January 1, 1900 - a date that is impossible for any living voter. This placeholder allowed the EPB to accept the entry and authorize the issuance of a ballot without any registration record existing in the QVF. The use of a uniform, fabricated birthdate by multiple workers is inconsistent with isolated clerical error; it indicates a coordinated workaround of the voter verification system.

📍 Jurisdiction: Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

82. TCF Timeline Report 2020 Detroit General Election
83. Detroit Elections: Smoke and Mirrors — LetsFixStuff.org
84. Affidavits: Detroit Ballot Tabulators Entered Names of Non-Voters During Count — Breitbart

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[Established Fact - 71% imbalance documented; black trunk delivery confirmed by Palmer and Hartmann under oath; new poll books acknowledged] In the immediate aftermath of the November 3, 2020 election, 71% of Detroit's Absentee Voter Counting Board precincts were mathematically unbalanced - meaning the poll book count of check-in voters did not match the number of ballots scanned, with some precincts reporting discrepancies of up to 600 votes. This figure represents more out-of-balance precincts than all other 82 Michigan counties combined. On November 16, 2020 - thirteen days after the election - Bureau of Elections Director Jonathan Brater directed Wayne County Canvasser Monica Palmer to contact Detroit's Department of Elections Director Daniel Baxter about an "unlisted list." Subsequently, a "black trunk" was delivered to the Board of Canvassers containing "new revised" poll books that retroactively balanced the AVCB precincts to a maximum discrepancy of 29. The original, unbalanced poll books were effectively replaced by new documentation of unknown origin and chain of custody, delivered days before the November 17 certification meeting.

📍 Jurisdiction: Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

85. TCF Timeline Report 2020 Detroit General Election
86. Poll Challenger Gina Gianuzzi Affidavit
87. Michigan Post-Election Audit Report November 2020 — Michigan Bureau of Elections

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[Established Fact - Denial made and documented contemporaneously] During the November 23, 2020 State Board of Canvassers certification meeting, State Board member Norman Shinkle directly asked Detroit Department of Elections Director Daniel Baxter whether he had provided revised poll lists to the Wayne County Board of Canvassers. Baxter answered: "No. I'm not aware of that." This denial appears to be in direct conflict with Bureau of Elections Director Brater's documented direction to Palmer to contact Baxter for the "unlisted list," and with the delivery of the black trunk. If the denial was knowingly false - as Baxter's own colleagues' actions suggest it was - it constitutes false testimony at a quasi-judicial proceeding and potential perjury exposure under MCL § 750.423 and false statement liability under 18 U.S.C. § 1001.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

92. TCF Timeline Report 2020 Detroit General Election
93. Michigan Board of Canvassers Meeting Video — Official Video (Court-Cited)

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Analysis of sequential snapshots of Michigan's Qualified Voter File (QVF) reveals that post-election alterations of voter history occurred on a monthly basis. Alterations include method of voting (absentee, election day), voting jurisdiction, and whether or not a voter voted in a given election. Michigan law requires preservation of voter records in the QVF for five years, and federal law requires 22-month preservation of all election records. The mass deletion of voter history entries - whether or not it was technically authorized - destroys the foundational audit record that would allow cross-referencing of ballots cast against individual voter participation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

97. The 499,850 voter deficit
98. https://rumble.com/v707vh8-vote-history-records-data-manipulation-summary-for-the-last-6-years.html?__cf_chl_tk=imISFVdu0gR7CNrZwuN37Ga3EtgAII4WzR.QpnV8dgY-1775065712-1.0.1.1-Wm6YKiLaClvPcK5C9MoDAygsq78zYfBrGtW6mv4Xwxc

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On December 1, 2020 - within the federally mandated 22-month record preservation window and in the middle of legislative inquiries into the integrity of the 2020 election - Michigan Bureau of Elections Director Jonathan Brater, acting under Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson, issued a memorandum to all county clerks directing that certain election records "must be deleted" and that "ballots, programs and related materials are released" from security requirements. The directive specifically ordered deletion of electronic pollbook software and associated files. Electronic poll book software files, configuration data, and associated logs are "records and papers" within the meaning of 52 U.S.C. § 20702. No exception or caveat in the federal statute authorizes deletion of software or configuration files. The directive therefore constitutes, on its face, a directive to commit a federal crime.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

99. MI Bureau of Elections Memo Demanding Deletion of Electronic Pollbook Data

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Delaware County, Pennsylvania certified the November 3, 2020 election on or about November 24, 2020. At the time of certification, Delaware County's own records - produced in response to a May 21, 2021 Right to Know Law request - revealed that 15 precincts had no Return Sheets at all, 16 precincts had blank Return Sheets, and 213 precincts were missing required information. In total, 244 of 428 precincts - more than half - were missing data legally required to certify. Poll worker coordinators formally admitted to missing "yellow numbered list of voters" (the formal statutory term for the poll book voter list under 25 P.S. § 3154(b)), to incorrect numbers in the yellow books that did not match scanner tabulations, and to precincts where Judges of Election outright refused to fill out the poll books at all. Certification occurred despite these documented deficiencies.

📍 Jurisdiction: Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

100. Moton, Hoopes & Stenstrom v. Boockvar, CV-2022-000032 (Del. Cty. CCP, Jan. 1, 2022), ¶¶ 128–135 citing RTKL Response June 28, 2021 — the breakdown: 15 no Return Sheets + 16 blank + 213 missing info = 244 of 428 precincts
101. Same complaint ¶¶ 128–135 — poll worker coordinator admissions on missing yellow books, scanner-to-book discrepancies, JOE refusals.
102. Gregory Stenstrom, Sworn Declaration, Nov. 9, 2020 (DOJ-filed) — firsthand chain-of-custody account
103. Hoopes & Stenstrom SCOTUS Cert. Petition No. 22-503, App. p.3 (Mar. 14, 2023) — "220 of 428 return sheet records not returned or missing" (narrower definition, for context)

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Delaware County's own RTKL response confirmed the following record gaps for scanner 1: 125 of 428 tally tapes missing; 137 of 428 ballot-count tapes missing; 255 of 428 open-poll tapes missing; and 244 of 428 "zero report" tapes missing. Zero-report tapes are the machine-generated records that establish a scanner registered zero ballots before polls opened - the foundational control against pre- loaded votes. Under Pennsylvania law, election judges must certify machine zero status before polls open. The absence of 244 of 428 zero reports means that for more than half of precincts, there is no documentary basis to establish that scanners did not begin the day with votes already recorded. When cross-referenced against the yellow-book deficiencies in Finding PA.ERI.VH-10, the combined absence creates an irreconcilable gap in the voter-to-ballot audit chain for the majority of Delaware County's election infrastructure.

📍 Jurisdiction: Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

104. Moton, Hoopes, and Stenstrom v. Boockvar, Complaint ¶ 177, Del. Cty. CCP No. CV-2022-000032 (Jan. 1, 2022), citing Delaware County RTKL Response (June 28, 2021): 125/428 tally tapes missing; 137/428 ballot-count tapes missing; 255/428 open-poll tapes missing; 233/428 zero-report tapes missing (all Scanner 1 figures)
105. Moton v. Boockvar, 876/877 C.D. 2022 (Pa. Cmwlth. Feb. 24, 2025) — affirming dismissal on procedural grounds (failure to use Pa. Election Code remedies); court expressly declined to reach the merits of the tape-count allegations

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[Established Fact - Anomalies confirmed in legislative record] Official Pennsylvania legislative correspondence documented the following anomalies in the SURE voter history file: 1,573 mail ballots cast by voters listed as over 100 years old; 41 Allegheny County ballots mailed to persons with a date of birth of January 1, 1800; 245 mail votes cast by voters with no date of birth in the system at all; 58,221 ballots returned on or before the date they were ostensibly mailed (a physical impossibility); and 9,005 ballots with no mailed date recorded at all. Each category individually may reflect data-entry error, system limitation, or actual fraud; the cumulative volume and variety of the anomalies preclude a comprehensive administrative-error explanation without forensic investigation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

109. Letter from Pennsylvania Legislators to Congressman Scott Perry on 2020 Election Irregularities — Pennsylvania Courts
110. Wisconsin and Pennsylvania Highlights from Explosive \"Summary of Election Fraud 2020\" — The Gateway Pundit

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Wisconsin's WisVote statewide voter registration database contained 569,277 active voter registrations with an identical placeholder application date of January 1, 1918 - a date assigned, in many systems, to records where the actual registration date is unknown, missing, or was not properly recorded. Of these 569,277 registrations with the suspicious uniform placeholder date, 115,252 are recorded in the WisVote voter history file as having cast a ballot in the November 2020 election. Wisconsin law (Wis. Stat. § 6.27) requires that all voter registrations contain accurate information including the date of registration. A voter registered with a placeholder date has not been properly entered into the system; the legitimacy of ballots attributed to such entries cannot be verified without examining the underlying registration documentation, if any exists.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

112. Official Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) Response to Open Records Request (WI-REP-22-0104-A, dated Dec. 4, 2021)
113. January 1, 1918, was the system-assigned default during the 2005–2006 statewide migration (mandated by Help America Vote Act) when legacy municipal systems lacked a registration date. (Same process used 1/1/1900 for missing birth dates.) WEC acknowledges this created unverifiable records without underlying documentation.

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[Established Fact - Vulnerability confirmed] Investigators identified a documented security vulnerability in Wisconsin's MyVote WI public-facing voter registration portal that created the capability for anyone obtaining remote access to the voter rolls to change voter information - including voting history - without the change being detected or logged in any auditable way. MyVote WI is the public interface that connects to the backend WisVote database. A modification of voter history records through this vulnerability would retroactively alter the voter participation record, severing the forensic link between ballots cast and voters credited with casting them, with no discoverable evidence of the alteration. Whether this vulnerability was exploited in 2020 is not established, but its existence - and the WEC's failure to disclose or remediate it - constitutes a systemic failure of election record stewardship.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

114. Gableman Report, pp. 15-16 (at least one city provided CTCL partners real-time API access into WisVote and BadgerBooks — access WEC Administrator Wolfe falsely denied to the Assembly Committee)
115. Gableman Report, p. 8 (Wisconsin Legislative Audit Bureau finding that WEC failed to maintain a sufficiently accurate WisVote database)

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The Wisconsin Legislative Audit Bureau (LAB) determined that WEC issued 3,137 FIDO Keys - multi- factor authentication tokens for WisVote access - and "apparently does not know how many FIDO Keys they have actually issued." At least one county received 15 FIDO Keys when it requested 2 and was told to retain unused keys "just in case." Of 2,938 active keys at the time of audit, 1,929 (66%) were issued with full clerk-level access. WisVote contains sensitive personally identifiable information on every registered voter, including driver's license numbers, partial Social Security numbers, dates of birth, and protected voter addresses. When the agency responsible for the state voter registration database - which contains voter history files - cannot account for all outstanding access credentials, it cannot certify that voter history entries were made only by authorized users.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

118. Special Counsel Gableman Report
119. LAB Report 21-19: Elections Administration – Wisconsin Legislative Audit Bureau

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At least one Zuckerberg 5 city provided CTCL and its private partner organizations with a real-time Application Programming Interface (API) connection to both the WisVote statewide voter registration database and the BadgerBooks electronic poll book system. BadgerBooks is the electronic poll book used by Wisconsin municipalities on Election Day; it records voter check-ins in real time. A live API connection into BadgerBooks provides not merely historical voter data but live, real-time voter participation information during an active election - including who has checked in at what precinct and at what time. This information is specifically protected under Wis. Stat. § 6.95 and was made available to private political organizations without any lawful authority. WEC Administrator Meagan Wolfe denied to the Legislature that such an API existed - a statement the OSC documented as directly contradicted by city records.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

120. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just The News; see also RE Microsoft Kole House Data Elements and Sample Files.msg (series), available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vnw7BA7JfthGG91CISTEmdLMI2nfKrad/view; see also SpecialCounsel Gableman Report, available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VHPg8ac3ou5_YYqh9zYe4DL5wuOGdeQE/view
121. Smoking Gun Emails Reveal How Milwaukee Shared Government Election Data — The Gateway Pundit

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Allegan County Clerk Robert Genetski and the Michigan Republican Party filed a complaint against new signature verification guidelines issued by MI SoS the same day the guidance was issued — October 6, 2020 — and amended it on December 30, 2020 to argue the directive was unlawful. Court issued a ruling in favor of the plaintiff on March 9, 2021 - too late to have any impact upon the 2020 election outcome.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

122. Genetski v Benson timing assessment based upon official court records

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Fulton County failed to perform signature verification of absentee ballot envelopes for the 2020 General Election in accordance with Georgia law, and in contravention of the terms of a Consent Order to which Fulton County voluntarily agreed. Evidence establishes that Fulton County’s failure was willful and intentional.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

123. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Fulton County failed to contemporaneously maintain a record of the voters who checked-in and cast ballots (“Numbered List of Voters”) for the 2020 General Election as explicitly required by Georgia law. Not just the official record identifying who voted, but the same is the metric to which statute requires the number of ballots cast be compared. Without the Numbered List of Voters, foundational election accounting process controls like reconciliation, and canvassing were not performed.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

124. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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According to Fulton County and the State’s own records, 148,319 absentee ballots were counted for the 2020 General Election, but only 125,784 voters were recorded as casting a ballot. Therefore, 25,534 more ballots were counted than voters given credit for voting.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

125. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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[Established Fact - Document delivery, Brater direction, and Baxter denial documented under oath] One day before the November 17, 2020 Wayne County Board of Canvassers certification meeting, Canvassers Palmer and Hartmann observed a black trunk being delivered containing a new, revised Statement of Votes for the absentee counting boards - a substitution of official documentation thirteen days after the election and one day before the certification vote. Bureau of Elections Director Jonathan Brater directed Palmer to resolve precinct imbalances by consulting Detroit AVCB Director Daniel Baxter, who possessed an "unlisted list" of voters - a list exclusive to Detroit, with no counterpart in Wayne County's other 42 municipalities. During the November 23, 2020 State Board of Canvassers certification meeting, Board member Norman Shinkle directly asked Director Baxter whether he had provided revised poll lists to the Wayne County Board. Baxter answered: "No. I'm not aware of that." This sworn denial is directly contradicted by Brater's documented direction to Palmer and by the physical delivery of the black trunk. If Baxter's denial was knowingly false, it constitutes perjury under MCL §750.423 or a false official statement under 18 U.S.C. §1001 if made in connection with a federal proceeding. The origins, compilation, and chain of custody of the "unlisted list" have never been disclosed by the Secretary of State's office.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

126. TCF Timeline Report 2020 General Election by MC4EI
127. Monica Palmer’s Sworn Testimony (Michigan Senate Oversight Committee Hearing, January 28, 2021)Under oath: Palmer testified in detail about contacting Brater to resolve imbalances, being directed to Baxter’s “unlisted list,” and the delivery of revised documentation (including the trunk/updated Statements of Votes). This is the primary sworn source cited in the TCF Timeline and other filings. The hearing video and transcript are publicly available via the Michigan Senate (Oversight Committee archives); excerpts are quoted in the TCF report and related election-integrity analyses. Supporting context: Palmer’s earlier Nov. 18, 2020 affidavit (filed in Costantino v. City of Detroit, Wayne County Circuit Court, and referenced in federal filings such as Trump v. Benson) describes the same imbalances, revised documentation issues, and coordination with Brater/Baxter.
128. Michigan Board of State Canvassers Meeting (November 23, 2020) – Video and TranscriptDirectly documents Baxter’s denial: Board member Norman Shinkle asked Baxter about providing revised poll lists to the Wayne County Board. Baxter responded: “No. I’m not aware of that.” The full meeting was streamed live and recorded; the exchange is referenced in the TCF Timeline and court appendices. Video: Available on YouTube (searchable as “Michigan Board of State Canvassers November 23 2020” or direct link in public archives

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During the canvass, individuals were interviewed at their residence that were registered to vote in Maricopa County but whom the county did not record a vote. Of those interviewed, 34.23% of these people said they had actually voted in the 2020 election. 34.23 % of these residents had voted, but no vote was ever registered or recorded for them. Their vote was missing and not counted in the election… When multiplying 34.23% by the number of registered Voters in Maricopa County that also show “not to have voted”, (505,709 people), there is a potential 173,000 missing Votes in Maricopa County alone! Arizona has 14 other counties.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

129. Senator Wendy Rogers

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In addition, the Canvass found that across the state of Arizona an estimated 96,389 mail-in votes were Ghost Votes! These are votes that were cast under the names of registered voters who were either unknown to the residents of the registered address or who were verified as having moved away before October 2020.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

130. Senator Wendy Rogers

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Pennsylvania's official statewide voter registration and ballot-tracking system — the Statewide Uniform Registry of Electors (SURE) — reflected a deficit of 121,240 voters relative to the total number of ballots counted at the time Secretary of State Kathy Boockvar certified the presidential results on November 24, 2020. In other words, Pennsylvania's own official system of record showed more ballots counted than it could account for with corresponding voter participation records.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

131. Verity Vote, Pennsylvania Voter Deficit Analysis
132. Rep. Frank Ryan Press Release, November 2020

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Forensic examination of the Maricopa County Election Management System (EMS) revealed that 263,139 ballot images were corrupt and unreadable, and an additional 21,273 ballot images were entirely missing. Ballot images are the digital photographs taken by tabulators at the moment of scanning; they are the primary instrument for correlating electronic cast vote records to physical paper. Their mass corruption and absence prevents any auditor from independently verifying that the electronic tallies correspond to the physical ballots. The Cyber Ninjas audit confirmed the Maricopa County EMS database for the 2020 General Election was "fully cleared" and that activity logs "appeared to be intentionally rolled over" - with more than 37,000 identical database queries executed after a court order to preserve materials was issued.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

133. Maricopa County Forensic Audit Volume I Executive Summary — Arizona State Senate Audit
134. Arizona Audit Report Summary

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Digital forensic microscopy conducted as part of the post-election audit detected the use of up to 10 different forms of unauthorized, non-compliant ballot paper stock in Maricopa County's 2020 election. Official Maricopa County ballots have a specific, certified paper specification, calibration marks, and Machine Identification Codes (steganographic hexagonal dots) that identify them as authentic. The use of non-compliant papers caused severe ink bleed-through, forcing an adjudication rate of approximately 11.2% - a 1,000% increase above the 2016 baseline. Adjudication is the process by which human operators override a machine's reading of a ballot; at an 11.2% rate, hundreds of thousands of ballots had their recorded vote determined by human judgment rather than machine scan, with no surviving adjudication logs to document who made those decisions or how.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

135. Erich Speckin, Forensic Analysis of Maricopa County Ballots (Sept. 2021), Findings 1–2 (approx. 23,000 ballots printed from unidentified source
136. 58 batches with 90%+ single-candidate distribution)
137. Tesla Laboratories / Jovan Hutton Pulitzer, Kinematic Artifact Detection Report — Maricopa County Preliminary (PKAD Report), Sept. 14, 2021, Sworn Affidavit of Aug. 4, 2021, at 76 (ballots lacking certified paper stock, MICs, and calibration standards characterized as counterfeit)
138. Rasmussen Reports post on X, Nov. 4, 2025 (summarizing 10 non-compliant paper types and 200,000+ non-conforming ballots)

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Post-election audit confirmed that boxes of ballots delivered to auditors contained commingled original damaged ballots and their machine duplicates, inconsistently identified, with batch Maricopa County, manifests that did not match physical contents. In the documented example of Box EVH1/11- 07/MC17349, the manifest listed 14 batches of original ballots while the box physically contained 7 original and 8 duplicate batches, with one batch missing from the manifest entirely. Additionally, instances were identified where electronic UOCAVA (uniformed and overseas citizen) ballots were duplicated and counted more than once. The Arizona 2019 Election Procedures Manual requires segregation of originals and duplicates; the Secretary of State's own counsel represented to the Arizona Supreme Court in CV2020-015285 that duplicated ballots were "segregated and preserved" - a representation directly contradicted by the physical audit record.

📍 Jurisdiction: Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

139. Primary Source: Cyber Ninjas “Maricopa County Forensic Audit” Report – Volume III: Result Details (September 24, 2021)
140. AZ Senate Audit Hand Count Report — Breitbart

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In response to a Request for Admissions filed in Curling v. Raffensperger, Fulton County expressly "Admitted" that it "did not preserve until the present time the majority of ballot images from in- person voting for the November 3, 2020 election original machine count." The EOG Report documents the specific scope of destruction in Fulton County: 380,458 original in-person ballot images destroyed; all approximately 316,000 advance voting ballot images destroyed; and 132,286 of 148,318 absentee ballot SHA authentication files intentionally deleted. SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) files are cryptographic fingerprints that authenticate a digital ballot image against tampering - their deletion destroys the ability to verify that any surviving ballot image is unaltered. Statewide, VoterGA's Open Records Act requests revealed that 74 of Georgia's 159 counties failed to produce ballot images; 56 provided written admissions of non-preservation. The Secretary of State's December 1, 2020 Official Elections Bulletin directed counties to preserve recount ballot images but conspicuously omitted any instruction to preserve original count ballot images - an asymmetric directive that is circumstantially consistent with intentional exclusion of the original count from preservation obligations.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

142. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
143. WHO SAYS THERE WAS NO 2020 GEORGIA ELECTION FRAUD? — VoterGA

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Official records confirm that Fulton County certified 17,852 recount votes for which no corresponding ballot image exists - ballots that were counted in the official recount but have no digital record. The EOG Report further documents 20,713 ballots tied to tabulators with "no provenance" - meaning they cannot be traced back to any origin in the ballot accounting record. An additional 3,930 duplicate ballots were scanned and counted multiple times through human intervention. The certified margin of victory in Georgia's presidential race was 12,670 votes. The sum of unaccounted-for and multiply-counted ballots documented in Fulton County alone significantly exceeds the margin of victory. Dr. Philip Stark, University of California, Berkeley, inventor of risk- limiting audits, stated that "the electronic records of the election are not intact" and that Fulton County's "lack of basic accounting controls make it impossible to determine who really won" in 2020.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

144. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
145. FBI Search Warrant Affidavit (unsealed) — U.S. Federal Court
146. Fulton County 17,852 Missing Ballot Images — Atlanta Journal- Constitution

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The EOG Report documents that 35 tabulator memory cards were swapped mid-election in Fulton County - an event for which no chain-of-custody documentation exists. Memory card swapping during an active election is not a standard procedure and introduces the possibility that cards containing accumulated vote totals were replaced with cards containing different data. The EOG Report further confirms that closing tapes - the machine-generated printouts that establish tabulator totals at poll close - were not printed on the actual scanning tabulators but on surrogate machines. Closing tapes printed on surrogate machines are not auditable records of the actual machine's count; they are secondary printouts whose relationship to the actual tally cannot be verified. Under Georgia law, tabulators must generate their own closing tapes; the use of surrogates is not authorized and creates an irresolvable break in the chain of evidence.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

147. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
148. Dominion Procedure Memory Card Removal — Just the News
149. Ballot Scanner Complaint — Just the News

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[Established Fact - Dominion operational control confirmed; FIPS violation confirmed; EAC certification timing confirmed] The EOG Report concluded that Dominion Voting Systems personnel were in operational control of voting systems in nearly every Georgia county during the election period. This determination is critical to the record destruction findings: the personnel with the greatest access to the machines whose images were subsequently destroyed were not government officials subject to statutory duties of preservation, but private contractor employees whose records retention obligations were defined by contract rather than statute. The EOG Report characterizes the failure to preserve ballot images statewide as "almost certainly no accident" given the extent of Dominion's operational presence. Additionally, the EOG Report and forensic analysis confirmed that Dominion stored encryption keys in plain text within election databases - a confirmed violation of FIPS 140-2 federal cryptographic standards - and that Dominion installed software on 30,000+ Ballot Marking Devices (BMDs) before obtaining EAC certification, in violation of federal certification requirements.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

150. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
151. Curling v. Raffensperger, No. 1:17-cv-02989-AT (N.D. Ga. Nov. 10, 2023), at 43–44 (court-accepted Halderman testimony: BMD system can alter votes without detection)

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[Established Fact - Speckin forensic finding and sworn testimony as to 3:30 AM delivery confirmed] A forensic audit by Speckin Forensics of sampled Wayne County TCF Center Absentee Voter Counting Boards determined that up to 20% of absentee ballots in the sampled boards lacked the legally required absentee ballot application - the instrument that creates the official record of a voter's request and the authorization for issuance of an absentee ballot. A ballot without a corresponding application has no legal origin document; it cannot be traced to a specific registered voter. Separately, sworn poll challenger affidavits document that tens of thousands of ballots were delivered to the TCF Center at approximately 3:30 AM - during the active counting period - in cardboard boxes, without any chain-of-custody manifests identifying the source, the delivering official, or the ballot count in the delivery. During the 2022 pre-election walkthrough, Detroit election official Daniel Baxter admitted to lack of chain of custody documentation for ballots dropped off at TCF Center. The absence of manifests for a late-night ballot delivery of this scale eliminates any forensic basis for determining whether the delivered ballots were lawfully cast before polls closed.

📍 Jurisdiction: Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

153. Speckin Forensic, LLC Amended Report of July 26, 2023
154. "2000 Mules" Investigator Gregg Phillips Announces... TCF Center... Ballot Dump — The Gateway Pundit
155. Yet More Evidence of Detroit Election Malfeasance — LetsFixStuff.org
156. 2022 Detroit Pre-Election Walkthru

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[Established Fact - Eyewitness testimony documented; internal emails authenticated; blank ballot discovery confirmed] Named witness Regina Miller testified that she personally observed Delaware County official Thomas Gallagher and county employee James Ziegelhoffer physically tear election data - including machine tapes and return sheets - into pieces and place them in the trash. Ziegelhoffer was reported to have justified the destruction by stating the data had "no audit value" because it "wouldn't match the election results." If this statement was made as reported, it constitutes an admission that the physical record did not match the certified result - which would independently establish fraudulent certification. On May 27, 2021, plaintiff Gregory Stenstrom alleges that newly appointed Director James Allen directed the removal and destruction of additional November 3, 2020 election evidence. Internal county emails from May 4, 2021 (Perrone to Winterbottom/Iacono/Allen) confirm that "everything with the last election was screwed up," specifically referencing machine-sliced ballots and chain-of-custody failures. Additionally, 27 banker boxes of blank official ballots were found in the Delaware County Bureau of Elections in July 2021 with no chain-of-custody documentation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

160. Exclusive Video: PA Election Workers Discuss Hiding 'Derogatory' Records — The Federalist
161. Complaint in Ruth Moton, Gregory Stenstrom, Leah Hoopes, et al. v. Kathy Boockvar, Delaware County, et al. (Delaware County Court of Common Pleas, filed November 18/22, 2021; later docketed under CV-2022-000032)Full 91-page complaint (publicly available via Delaware County court records and archived on Scribd)
162. Stunning Election Fraud Found In Delaware County, PA — Skagit Republicans

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[Established Fact - Machine slicing confirmed by internal emails and whistleblower testimony] An Agissar ballot processing machine - used in Delaware County's ballot handling operation - "sliced" thousands of ballots, physically damaging them. The sliced ballots were removed from the standard processing stream and, per whistleblower accounts, were subsequently processed outside the observation of legally required poll watchers and without chain-of-custody documentation recording who handled the damaged ballots, how they were evaluated for voter intent, or what happened to them. Internal county email communications confirm county employees were aware of the machine slicing events and the resulting chain-of-custody failures. Under Pennsylvania law, damaged ballots must be duplicated according to specific procedures with bipartisan witness requirements; any deviation is a statutory violation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

165. Complaint in Ruth Moton, Gregory Stenstrom, Leah Hoopes, et al. v. Kathy Boockvar, Delaware County, et al. (Delaware County Court of Common Pleas, filed November 18/22, 2021; later docketed under CV-2022-000032)Full 91-page complaint (publicly available via Delaware County court records and archived on Scribd)
166. Motion to Strike Amended Complaint

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Federal Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS) data for Pennsylvania's 2020 election classified 440,781 mail ballots as "status unknown" - meaning election officials have no record of whether these ballots were delivered, returned, counted, rejected, or disposed of. These are not ballots that were tracked and rejected for cause; they are ballots that disappeared from the accounting system entirely. Pennsylvania's certified presidential margin of victory was 81,660 votes. The volume of completely unaccounted-for mail ballots exceeds the margin of victory by a ratio exceeding 5:1. The Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) documented these figures in its September 2021 report. This finding does not establish that these ballots were fraudulently cast; it establishes that they cannot be accounted for, which is legally indistinguishable from a chain-of- custody failure at the scale necessary to question certification.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

170. 440K Mail Ballots Went Missing or Undeliverable amid 81K Vote Margin of Victory in PA 2020 Presidential — Public Interest Legal Foundation
171. Report: 440,000 Pennsylvania Mail Ballots 'Went Missing or Undeliverable' — Breitbart
172. 2020 Election Administration and Voting Survey Comprehensive Report

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On election night, Milwaukee Election Commission Deputy Director Kimberly Zapata briefly lost chain of custody of a USB flash drive containing absentee voter data for over 120,000 votes. The flash drive was reported as missing, then recovered, during the period when central count tabulation was active. This loss of custody over the primary electronic storage medium for a substantial portion of Milwaukee's absentee ballot record occurred contemporaneously with an unexplained ballot dump of 143,379 votes reported at 3:26 AM - a single batch upload that dramatically shifted the reported statewide vote total. The metadata of the flash drive - which would establish whether any write events occurred during the period it was unaccounted for - has not been forensically examined. Significantly, Kimberly Zapata was subsequently convicted of a separate felony - fabricating military absentee ballots - establishing her willingness to commit election fraud and bearing directly on the credibility of any innocent explanation for the flash drive's temporary loss of custody.

📍 Jurisdiction: Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

173. Developing: Milwaukee Elections Chief Lost Elections Flash Drive in Morning Hours of November 4th When Democrats Miraculously Found 120,000 Votes for Joe Biden — The Gateway Pundit
174. REVEALED: Woman Charged with Voter Fraud in Wisconsin Was ALSO INVOLVED in 2020 Election Night Absentee Ballot Flash Drive Scandal — The Gateway Pundit
175. Fact check: Milwaukee elections flash drive transferred to county office without tampering — USA Today

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[Established Fact - OSC documented allegation and Command Central's non-compliance with subpoenas] The Wisconsin Office of the Special Counsel (OSC) documented that Command Central, LLC - a Dominion Voting Systems reseller and servicer - received images of cast ballots on election night via internet connection and is alleged to be holding actual physical cast ballots at its facilities in Minnesota. If Wisconsin ballots were transported across state lines and retained by a private entity without governmental authorization or a court order, this constitutes a chain-of-custody failure at the most fundamental level: the physical ballot corpus itself is no longer in the legal custody of the Wisconsin government. Command Central did not comply with OSC subpoenas, and the underlying question of whether Wisconsin ballots are in Minnesota has not been resolved by any court.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

176. Second Interim Investigative Report of the Wisconsin Office of Special Counsel

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The OSC documented that on election day 2020, all voting machines in Green Bay were ESS machines connected to a secret, hidden Wi-Fi access point located at the Grand Hyatt hotel - Green Bay's central count facility. The Wi-Fi access point, the machines, and the ballots at the central count facility were controlled by a single individual: Michael Spitzer-Rubenstein, an agent of a private organization (CTCL) who was not a government employee and who held no statutory election authority. Control of ballot custody and tabulation equipment by a private actor without statutory authority is not merely a procedural irregularity; it is a fundamental chain-of-custody breach. No government official can certify the integrity of ballots whose chain of custody passed through a private actor with undisclosed interests and unrestricted access.

📍 Jurisdiction: Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

178. Office of Special Counsel Second Interim Report (Full) — Madison.com / Wisconsin OSC
179. 2020 Election Fraud Is No Longer a Theory - It's a Fact — The Gateway Pundit

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Gateway Pundit reports that an independent review of Detroit’s 2020 ballots has identified more than 10,000 “ghost vote” ballots where voters filled in the oval for a write‑in candidate but left the name line blank, concentrated almost entirely in down‑ballot races on ballots that otherwise show straight‑ticket or top‑of‑ticket votes for Democrats. The article argues this highly uniform, unexplained error pattern—occurring at roughly 6% of ballots and never cited in official audits— combined with Detroit’s high adjudication rate and large number of out‑of‑balance precincts, suggests systemic irregularities or possible mass fraud in how ballots were marked and adjudicated, and calls for further investigation into whether such ballots enabled duplicate counting or other manipulation that benefited Democratic candidates.

📍 Jurisdiction: Detroit, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

180. https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/01/not-normal-10k-voters-made-same-bizarre-ghost/

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Gateway Pundit says that, after reviewing about 40% of nearly one million Detroit election records obtained through FOIA, its team has identified multiple categories of alleged absentee‑ballot irregularities in the city’s 2020 vote. The article highlights claimed problems such as ballots linked to a non‑existent Detroit address, absentee envelopes that appear to show impossible or suspicious mailing timelines (including same‑day transatlantic delivery), ballots recorded as counted despite unsigned or “rejected” envelopes, and envelopes with conflicting or altered “received” date stamps. According to the piece, these findings suggest Detroit officials improperly accepted and counted significant numbers of absentee ballots in 2020, and the outlet is continuing its record‑by‑record review to build a broader case about alleged election misconduct.

📍 Jurisdiction: Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

181. UPDATE: We’ve Completed 40 PERCENT Of Our Investigation Into Detroit’s 2020 Absentee Ballot Envelopes And We’re Now Beginning To Understand Why They Covered The Windows — The Gateway Pundit

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Fulton County ordered 1,058,910 absentee ballots at the last minute, without envelopes, without stubs, and after they could have realistically been mailed. The “extra” ballots were not ordered for the reasons given, and what ballots from the order that remained after the election were destroyed. For reference, a total of 528,777 ballots were cast for the 2020 General Election, and of those only approximately 148,000 were absentee. The majority of which were sent by Runbeck Election Services directly to the voter.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

183. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Arizona Senate Audit team led by Cyber Ninjas received damaged ballot boxes from Maricopa County officials and have video evidence of that. Auditors were never provided Chain-of-Custody documentation for the ballots for the time-period prior to the ballot's movement into the Auditors' care.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

184. Arizona Secretary of State, Coliseum Observer Notes 2021, published at

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Wayne County Board of Canvassers Chair, Monica Palmer arrives at the TCF and will stay until after 11 pm November 4th. She and fellow GOP Canvasser Bill Hartmann inspect the metal transfer cases that are used to seal the ballots at the close of the election. They had reported over 30 out of 50 that were not usable and were appalled at the high percentage of defective containers. They identify and document 5 on the counting floor still not meeting security standards. As a result, in the event of a recount, those ballots would not be recountable due to the chain of custody not being maintained [Palmer, M. Pers. Comm.]

📍 Jurisdiction: Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

185. Monica Palmer affidavit, TCF Timeline Report; see also TCF Center Timeline Report 2020 Detroit General Election, available at

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Fulton County’s November 3rd results include votes from 20,713 ballots from ten tabulators with no records, chain of custody, or official returns.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

186. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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1. At State Farm Arena on the night of November 03, 2020, county staff, election workers, poll watchers, and the media were told that counting was stopped for the night and would resume the following morning. For disputed reasons five members resumed scanning after everyone else had left. 2. Ruby Freeman was not a county employee nor was she trained nor authorized to operate the scanner she used to scan ballots on November 3, 2020. 3. Unsecured mail carts filled with tens of thousands of ballots with no chain of custody or provenance appeared at State Farm Arena. The ballot containers were not inspected nor were they sealed as required by statute.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

187. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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At least hundreds of test ballots, produced during the Logic & Accuracy testing process, were included in the Recount, but were not in the initial count.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

189. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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The ballots counted for the Original November 3, 2020 Election, should match almost perfectly with the ballots counted for the Recount as the same paper ballots are being scanned and counted by the same machines; however, thousands of ballots are unique to each, which is not possible by natural means or mistake.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

190. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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There were 57,734 potentially fraudulent ballots cast in Maricopa County for the 2020 general election. Remember, the vote difference in the 2020 election between Biden and Trump in Arizona was only 10,457 votes.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

191. Senator Wendy Rogers

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High-end scanners used in election tabulation are programmed with a feature called "color dropout." This is an intentional functionality documented in system user manuals. When a ballot with "TEST" written in red ink is scanned, the machine ignores the red ink. The resulting digital image—the official record used for audits—is a black-and-white copy where the word "TEST" has completely disappeared. Because digital images are used for voter intent reviews, recounts, and audits, the loss of "TEST" or "VOID" markings means a test ballot becomes indistinguishable from a legitimate vote in the digital record. In the 2021 New York City mayoral primary, 135,000 test ballots were accidentally included in preliminary results.

📍 Jurisdiction: United States

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Windows security event logs on the Maricopa County Tabulation and Election Center (MCTEC) Election Management System server - the primary records of who accessed the system, when, and what actions were taken - were deliberately restricted to a maximum file size of 20 MB, causing automatic overwriting of older entries. This configuration alone would predictably destroy election-period records. But the Cyber Ninjas forensic audit and subsequent analysis documented that a script was executed 38,478 times in the days after the Arizona State Senate's court- authorized subpoena was issued, forcing the logs to roll over and purging all access records covering the November 3, 2020 election period. The earliest retained log entry was February 5, 2021 - the final day of a separate pre-audit access event - meaning no records of the election itself survive. Video surveillance of the MCTEC facility identified three individuals present at the exact time the log-purging script was executing, none of whom have been publicly identified or charged. Senate President Karen Fann's September 24, 2021 letter to Attorney General Brnovich characterized the overwriting as accomplished by "churning more than 37,000 identical queries several days after the court ordered Maricopa County to produce its election materials." The result is that no forensic reconstruction of EMS activity during the election is possible from surviving logs.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

196. Cyber Ninjas Maricopa County Forensic Audit Report (Volume I-III) — The Gateway Pundit:
197. Cyber Ninjas Response to Maricopa County — Cyber Ninjas
198. Fann letter (Sept 24, 2021)

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The Maricopa County EMS SQL Database was purged of all 2020 General Election results by an administrator account in the period immediately prior to the forensic audit team gaining access. Forensic examiners found that: (1) the database contained 263,139 corrupt and unreadable ballot images - digital records that should allow tally reconciliation to each scanned ballot - that cannot be read or correlated to vote totals; and (2) 21,273 ballot images were entirely absent from the EMS, meaning a significant share of the November 2020 ballot corpus has no surviving digital representation. Without readable ballot images, it is impossible to independently verify whether the machine-reported vote totals correspond to the actual ballots that voters submitted. Additionally, Mesa County (CO) Forensic Report No. 3 - examining a parallel Dominion system under Mesa County Clerk Tina Peters - documented the creation of unauthorized new Tabulation and Adjudication databases mid-election, with selective copying of batch and ballot records from the original databases into the new ones. In specific batches, this process sent 339 ballots to manual adjudication during first processing, but only 39 when the same ballots were reprocessed in the new database - a difference of 300 adjudicated ballots without any paper record of the original decisions. The Colorado and Arizona findings, on parallel Dominion system versions, establish that this database architecture permitted mid-election manipulation of the adjudication pipeline in a manner that defeats standard audit reconciliation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

199. Cyber Ninjas Maricopa County Forensic Audit Report (Volume I-III) — The Gateway Pundit
200. Cyber Ninjas Response to Maricopa County — Cyber Ninjas
201. Mesa County (CO) Forensic Report No. 3 – unauthorized new Tabulation and Adjudication databases created mid-election with selective copying
202. Amended Complaint Case 2:22-cv-00677-DMF — Court Filing

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Three distinct categories of tabulation record failure have been documented in Fulton County by independent forensic investigators. First, official records confirm that Fulton County certified 17,852 votes in the presidential race for which no corresponding ballot images exist in the county's production - confirmed by two independent expert declarations filed in Curling v. 3,930 Ballots Double- Scanned (GA) Raffensperger: (1) Professor Philip B. Stark (UC Berkeley, EAC Board of Advisors), who stated "Fulton County's production included images of ballots and printout cards for 510,073 of the 527,925 cast vote records - 17,852 image files are missing"; and (2) Professor Duncan Buell (University of South Carolina), who independently confirmed approximately 17,800 missing images and the same number of missing .sha authentication files. Second, the Election Oversight Group (EOG) documented 20,713 ballots tied to tabulators with no provenance - they cannot be traced to a chain-of-custody origin. Third, EOG documented that 3,930 duplicate ballots were scanned and counted multiple times through human intervention: ballots were extracted from already-scanned batches 17, 18, and 19, consolidated into a new batch, and scanned on a different tabulator (tabulator 794) - a process requiring affirmative, multi-step human action that EOG characterized as intentional. Georgia's certified presidential margin was 11,779 votes. The 17,852 votes with no ballot image representation alone exceed the margin of victory.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

203. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
204. SEB 2023-025 Complaint by Kevin Moncla — Georgia State Election Board Filing

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Forensic examination of the Dominion election database in Fulton County and multiple additional Georgia counties discovered that master cryptographic encryption keys - the core secrets protecting the integrity of tabulator configurations and Cast Vote Records (CVRs) - were stored unprotected in plain text within the election database files. A cryptographic key is only as secure as its storage: a key stored in plain text is, by definition, accessible to any person with database read access, which in these systems included vendor personnel, IT administrators, and anyone who exploited the open SQL Server port (port 1433, confirmed open to any IP address worldwide in the Mesa County forensic analysis of an identical system version). With the master cryptographic key, an attacker can: (1) decrypt and modify tabulator configuration files before or during an election; (2) alter Cast Vote Records without triggering integrity checks; and (3) reconfigure tabulators to shift vote allocations between candidates. Georgia's entire statewide election infrastructure - 30,050 Ballot Marking Devices deployed across all 159 counties - used the same Dominion Democracy Suite platform where this vulnerability was documented. No public disclosure to voters, the legislature, or CISA was made before the 2020 election; CISA acknowledged nine Dominion vulnerabilities only in a June 2022 advisory, 22 months after Election Day.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

205. DeKalb County Republican Party v. Raffensperger Lawsuit — Substack
206. Mesa County Forensic Report #2
207. CISA ICSA-22-154-01

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When more than 200 Delaware County precincts failed to mathematically reconcile their vote totals in the canvassing process prior to certification, the Director of Elections (James P. Allen) and the Voting Machine Warehouse Director (James P. Savage) did not disclose the discrepancies to the Board of Elections, seek a recount, or report the anomaly to the Secretary of State. Instead, according to whistleblower testimony and First Amended Complaint allegations filed November 18, 2021, they conspired to replace the original V-drives - the tabulator flash drives containing the actual election data - with "clean" substitute drives, and used those clean drives to recreate tabulation results that mathematically matched the certified totals, effectively hiding the discrepancies from any subsequent Right-to-Know request. This conduct was confirmed by named witnesses present in the warehouse. Delaware County certified the November 3, 2020 election on approximately November 24, 2020, while simultaneously possessing knowledge of the 200+ precinct reconciliation failures. The underlying precinct-level V-drive data - which would have established the nature and scope of the reconciliation failures - was destroyed or concealed by this alleged substitution. The certified result is thus insulated from forensic verification at the precinct level because the original storage media no longer exists in its election-day state.

📍 Jurisdiction: Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

215. Delaware County Return Board Audit Report — Official Audit Report
216. Stenstrom et al. v. Boockvar Court Complaint
217. Moton v. Schmidt Petition — Court Filing

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Named witness Regina Miller, present at the Delaware County election warehouse, provided sworn testimony that County Solicitor Thomas Gallagher and warehouse personnel James Ziegelhoffer physically tore election data into pieces - specifically the original November 3, 2020 machine tally tapes and return sheets - and placed them in the trash. The most legally significant element of this account is the stated justification: Ziegelhoffer declared that the destruction was necessary because the tapes "had no audit value because they would not match the election results." If true - and this is a serious sworn-witness allegation, not yet adjudicated - this statement constitutes an acknowledgment that the physical tabulator record did not match the certified results, and that the records were destroyed specifically to prevent that discrepancy from becoming part of the reviewable record. Tabulator tally tapes are the primary paper audit trail for electronic tabulation; their destruction eliminates the only physical record that would allow independent verification of whether machine-counted totals were accurately reported. Delaware County was also missing: 125 of 428 tally tapes for Scanner 1; 137 of 428 ballot-count tapes; 255 of 428 open-poll tapes; and 233 of 428 zero-report tapes - the records establishing that machines were empty before voting began, without which there is no documentary basis to rule out pre- loaded vote counts.

📍 Jurisdiction: Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

218. First Amended Complaint, Hoopes, Stenstrom, and Moton v. Boockvar et al., filed Nov. 18, 2021 (PADel.Co.Hoopes18Nov2021.pdf), ¶¶ 156–158 (Regina Miller sworn witness account: Gallagher and Ziegelhoffer physically tore election data
219. Ruth Moton v Boockvar

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Fulton County willfully failed to count- and effectively discarded- nearly all votes for qualified write-in candidates for ballots cast in-person for both early and Election Day voting.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

223. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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a. Fulton County falsified records (batch tally sheets) which caused approximately 6,691 fictitious absentee ballots and votes for the presidential contest to be added to the results of the 2020 post- election hand-count audit. b. The Secretary of State and/or Fulton County have refused to correct the results, and the Attorney General has falsely attributed the inconsistencies to “data entry errors”. c. As compared to the official results for each advance voting polling location, Fulton County’s hand-count audit includes a delta of some 13,910 ballots and votes.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

224. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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The December 13, 2020 forensic report by Allied Security Operations Group (ASOG) on the Antrim County EMS confirmed that all adjudication logs for the 2020 election cycle were entirely absent from the server, while logs for prior election years using the identical software remained intact. Adjudication logs are the transaction records of every instance in which a human operator overrode the machine's interpretation of voter intent - they record the operator's identity, the timestamp, the original machine reading, and the replacement decision. Their absence means the 68.05% ballot error rate that triggered mass adjudication in Antrim County cannot be audited: there is no record of who adjudicated hundreds of thousands of ballots, how they adjudicated them, or whether the adjudication was authorized. The selective deletion of only the 2020 logs - while preserving all prior years' logs in the same system - is inconsistent with accidental data loss or routine maintenance and constitutes circumstantial evidence of deliberate targeted deletion.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

235. Antrim Michigan Forensics Report [121320] v2 [Redacted] — ASOG Report
236. Crucial Logs Missing From Michigan County Dominion Voting Machines: Forensics Report — Epoch Times
237. March 4, 2021 Antrim County Commissioner Meeting
238. Antrim County: The Thread That Unravels 2020 Election Theft — LetsFixStuff.org

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[Established Fact - Battery removal directive confirmed; 26-county access confirmed] ElectionSource - a Dominion Voting Systems subcontractor under Michigan State Contract #071B7700117 - issued letters to county clerks directing "preventative maintenance" that included the removal of internal batteries from voting machines. Per voting machine operations manuals, battery removal resets a machine to factory default settings, erasing server connection settings, configuration data, logs, and other forensic artifacts. The preventative maintenance checklist in the state contract does not identify battery removal as a scheduled item; the instruction therefore represents either an unauthorized modification of the maintenance protocol or a deliberate directive to destroy forensic evidence under the guise of routine maintenance. ElectionSource technicians working on the Antrim County project file simultaneously had access to project files for at least 26 other Michigan counties - raising the question of whether the battery removal directive affected the forensic integrity of voting machines across multiple jurisdictions.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

239. Michigan Contract 071B7700117 Change Notice — State of Michigan
240. Michigan Attorneys Issue Cease and Desist to Election Source — The Gateway Pundit
241. Preventative Maintenance? Yeah Right — Lets Fix Stuff

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Forensic experts found that 865 directories and 85,673 election-related files were deleted from the EMS C:\ Drive, and over 1 million files from the D:\ Drive. The Cyber Ninjas audit report states all data in the EMS database related to the 2020 General Election "had been fully cleared" and that security logs "appeared to be intentionally rolled over." More than 37,000 identical queries were run on the EMS server in the days after the court ordered Maricopa County to produce election materials to the Arizona State Senate.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

245. HCR 2033 — Arizona Legislature
246. Cyber Ninjas Response to Maricopa County — Cyber Ninjas
247. BREAKING: Maricopa County Elections Officials DELETED ENTIRE DATABASE — The Gateway Pundit

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Windows security event logs on the EMS server - which track remote and local access - were restricted to a 20 MB file size, causing them to automatically overwrite. The logs covering the November 3, 2020 election period were purged, destroying the complete audit trail of all system access during the election.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

248. Cyber Ninjas Response to Maricopa County — Audit Report
249. Maricopa County EMS Logs Statement in Cyber Ninjas Report — The Gateway Pundit

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Maricopa County failed to produce to the Arizona State Senate the chain-of-custody documentation required by A.R.S. § 16-621(E), which expressly mandates records tracing custody of all election equipment and ballots through completion of provisional voting tabulation. Senate Audit Liaison Ken Bennett stated this as an established compliance failure.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

250. AZ Senate Audit Liaison Bennett Presentation

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Ballot boxes delivered to auditors contained commingled original and duplicate ballots, inconsistently identified, with batch manifests not matching physical contents. In at least one documented box (EVH1/11-07/MC17349), the manifest listed 14 batches of originals while the physical contents contained 7 originals and 8 duplicates with one batch entirely unaccounted. During prior Arizona Supreme Court litigation, the Secretary of State's counsel represented that original and duplicate ballots "are, by statute, segregated and preserved."

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

253. Maricopa County Forensic Audit Volume III: Results Details — Cyber Ninjas Audit Report

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Fulton County admitted in federal court (Curling v. Raffensperger) that it "did not preserve until the present time the majority of ballot images from in-person voting" for the November 3, 2020 election original machine count. For advance voting, all approximately 316,000 ballot images were destroyed. Statewide, 74 of Georgia's 159 counties failed to produce ballot images; 56 provided written admissions of non-preservation. Over 1.7 million original ballot images were lost statewide.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

254. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
255. Part 4: Nothing Adds Up in Fulton County — The Gateway Pundit

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Of 148,318 absentee ballot images, only 16,032 have corresponding SHA authentication (hash/fingerprint) files. The remaining 132,286 authentication files were, in the words of the EOG Report, "intentionally deleted." SHA files are the cryptographic verification mechanism that would allow auditors to confirm images were not altered. Dr. Philip Stark (UC Berkeley), inventor of risk- limiting audits, stated "the electronic records of the election are not intact" and that Fulton County's "lack of basic accounting controls make it impossible to determine who really won."

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

256. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
257. Election Oversight Group Releases 262-Page Investigative Report — Georgia Political Insight

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There are only 9 zero tapes for 148 tabulators used for advance voting in Fulton County. All 138 closing tapes for those tabulators are, per the EOG Report, "fraudulent, invalid, and do not bear the serial number or identity of the machines used to actually scan the ballots." No daily recap sheets, numbered lists of voters, or poll pad check-in lists exist for the entirety of early voting - all records required by O.C.G.A. § 21-2-483 et seq. The State Election Board (SEB) voted to refer the matter to the Georgia AG with a recommended fine of $740,000 and separately referred the matter to the U.S. Department of Justice.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

258. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
259. Materials Sought in Fulton County FBI Warrant Revealed — The Gateway Pundit

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The State Farm Arena surveillance video from the night of November 3, 2020 would have shown the arrival of ballots in unsecured industrial laundry carts at 5:22 AM. The video prior to 5:22 AM - which would have documented who delivered those ballots and when - was not preserved. This missing segment cannot be explained by routine retention limitations and represents a targeted, specific evidentiary gap coinciding with the most contested event of election night.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

260. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Floyd County election system log files completely skip the critical period covering October 20, 2020 through November 23, 2020. The entire Election Day event log is missing, eliminating the ability to audit machine functionality or manual vote manipulation during that window.

📍 Jurisdiction: Floyd County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

261. Gateway Pundit article (October 15, 2022) with embedded SLOG screenshots

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The EOG Report identified that 17,852 ballot images are missing from the candidate-requested recount of the November 3, 2020 General Election. This figure is characterized in the report as occurring under "unnatural circumstances," raising concerns about whether the recount itself can be validated as accurate.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

264. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
265. BREAKING: Judge Unseals Warrant and Affidavit of Probable Cause Revealing FBI Raid on Fulton County Elections — The Gateway Pundit

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Forensic audits of the Antrim County EMS server found that adjudication log entries for the 2020 election cycle were entirely absent, while logs from prior years using identical software remained intact. Given that the 2020 Antrim County election featured a reported 68.05% error rate triggering mass ballot adjudication, the absence of these logs removes the only record of how adjudicated ballots were resolved.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

266. Antrim Michigan Forensics Report — Allied Security Operations Group (ASOG)
267. Crucial Logs Missing From Michigan County Dominion Voting Machines — The Epoch Times

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All server security logs prior to 11:03 PM on November 4, 2020 - including all logs covering Election Day itself - were missing from the Antrim County EMS, destroying evidence of network connections and data transfers on and before election night. CyFIR forensic examiner Ben Cotton found anonymous remote logon activity on November 5 and November 17, 2020; Cotton concluded "it is likely that the same actor had access prior to November 4th." Antrim County Clerk Sheryl Guy later admitted to deleting the records during a public meeting of the County Commissioners.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

268. Allied Security Operations Group (ASOG) Antrim Michigan Forensics Report — Justice.gov FOIA Library
269. Halderman Antrim County Forensic Report — USENIX Security Symposium
270. Crucial Logs Missing From Michigan County Dominion Voting Machines: Forensics Report — The Epoch Times

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During a March 4, 2021 Antrim County Commissioner Meeting, Antrim County Clerk Sheryl Guy appeared before the Antrim County Board of Commissioners and, in that public setting, acknowledged that election records were destroyed at her direction.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

271. March 4, 2021 Antrim County Commissioner Meeting

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Delaware County's RTKL response disclosed the following missing records: 125 of 428 tally tapes for Scanner 1; 137 of 428 ballot-count tapes; 255 of 428 open-poll tapes; and 233 of 428 zero- report tapes. Zero-report tapes are machine-generated records proving machines registered zero votes before polls opened. Their absence means there is no documentary basis to establish machines were not pre-loaded with votes before Election Day.

📍 Jurisdiction: Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

280. Hoopes Complaint, ¶¶ 177–178 (citing Delaware County RTKL Response, Exhibit N): 125 of 428 tally tapes for Scanner 1 missing

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The Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF) published a September 2021 report documenting that Pennsylvania sent 3.1 million mail ballots in 2020 but had 440,781 ballots classified as "unknown," meaning election officials had no record of what happened to them. Pennsylvania's presidential margin of victory was 81,660 votes. The number of unaccounted ballots exceeded the certified margin by more than five to one.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

281. 440K Mail Ballots Went Missing or Undeliverable amid 81K Vote Margin of Victory in PA 2020 Presidential — Public Interest Legal Foundation Report
282. Report: 440,000 Pennsylvania Mail Ballots 'Went Missing or Undeliverable' — Breitbart

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In the City of Milwaukee - where nearly half of all votes were cast by mail and 15 drop boxes were deployed - not a single municipality produced the statutorily required video surveillance of drop Milwaukee, Milwaukee boxes in response to open records requests. Wisconsin law requires drop box surveillance to be retained as an election record. The complete absence of this footage across every Milwaukee drop box location is consistent with systematic non-preservation or deliberate destruction, not with routine loss.

📍 Jurisdiction: County, Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

283. True the Vote Special Report 1 (full PDF with appendices logging every municipality’s response)
284. Newsweek article (March 2, 2022) quoting Milwaukee’s withholding of the video.

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The OSC consulted with multiple computer security experts regarding voting machine data retention in Wisconsin. A representative of one machine manufacturer stated that voting machines "were wiped during updates" - meaning they did not retain federally required voter data. If voting machines were wiped before expiration of the 22-month federal retention period, this constitutes a potential violation of 52 U.S.C. § 20701 and may constitute destruction of records under 18 U.S.C. § 1519, which carries a penalty of up to 20 years' imprisonment.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

285. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just The News; see also Special Counsel Gableman Report, available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VHPg8ac3ou5_YYqh9zYe4DL5wuOGdeQE/view

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The OSC learned that Command Central, LLC - a Dominion reseller and servicer - received images of cast ballots on election night via the internet and is alleged to be holding actual cast ballots at its offices in Minnesota. Command Central did not comply with OSC legislative subpoenas. If Wisconsin ballots were transported to and retained by a private party in another state without lawful authority, this constitutes a potential violation of Wis. Stat. § 7.23 and federal election records law.

📍 Jurisdiction: Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

286. Second Interim Investigative Report — Wisconsin OSC
287. Second Interim Investigative Report — Madison.com

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The Wisconsin Legislative Audit Bureau determined that WEC failed to maintain a sufficiently accurate WisVote voter registration database. WEC issued 3,137 FIDO Keys and cannot account for how many were actually issued. At least one county received 15 keys when it requested 2. Of 2,938 active keys at one audit point, 1,929 (66%) were issued with full clerk-level access. This level of key proliferation rendered multi-factor authentication effectively meaningless and exposes all voter records to unauthorized access and potential alteration.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

288. Report 21-19 Elections Administration — Legislative Audit Bureau; see also RE Microsoft Kole House Data Elements and Sample Files.msg (series), available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vnw7BA7JfthGG91CISTEmdLMI2nfKrad/view
289. The WEC Is a Member of the ERIC System — The Gateway Pundit

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Fulton County deployed drop box infrastructure funded in part by approximately $6 million in CTCL grants. Forensic reviews identified over 100,000 ballots lacking legally required chain-of- custody transfer forms, particularly those retrieved from drop boxes. Video surveillance of nighttime ballot drop activity was reportedly deleted or of such poor quality as to be unusable for forensic verification. The State Election Board (SEB) referred related record failures to both the Georgia AG and the DOJ.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

290. BREAKING: Voter GA Confirms Over 100,000 Ballots in Georgia 2020 Election Missing Valid Chain of Custody Documentation
291. Breaking: Ballot Box Video Missing in Georgia — The Gateway Pundit

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During the course of advance voting, security seals were cut, and the memory cards of thirty-five tabulators were unlawfully removed- and replaced with other memory cards.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

292. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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At the end of advance voting, the memory cards were removed from 138 tabulators and on Election Day they were inserted into surrogate tabulators which were used to print fraudulent official returns.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

293. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Fulton County destroyed approximately 374,128 ballot images for nearly all of in-person voting for the November 03, 2020 General Election.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

294. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Fulton County selectively and willfully destroyed approximately 132,280 electronicballot image authentication hash files.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

295. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Fulton County is missing 17,852 ballot images for the candidate-requested recount of the November 03, 2020 General Election

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

296. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Fortunately, in the AZ Senate audit, a company by the name of CyFIR was contracted to investigate the hardware, machines, tabulators, etc used in the election. CyFIR found and showed that the Maricopa County Recorder’s office actually deleted the entire 2020 General election results from their system the day before an audit and when the results were reinstalled on the system, approximately 269,000 ballot images were now corrupt and unreadable, in addition to approximately 30,000 missing ballots!

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

297. Senator Wendy Rogers

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The Colorado Secretary of State's trusted build process - a state-mandated Dominion upgrade conducted with active state participation and approval - deleted 28,989 files from the Mesa County EMS server, including at least 695 log and event-log files required by federal and state law to be retained for 22 months. Deleted categories included IIS web-server logs, SQL Server installation and error logs, Windows Defender logs, and multiple Windows event-log archives. These logs are the primary means by which examiners could reconstruct whether unauthorized access, configuration changes, or exploitation of documented vulnerabilities had occurred. The "trusted build" - a mechanism presented to the public as an integrity-preserving certification update - functioned operationally as a mass evidence-destruction tool. A-2Electronic Voting System Integrity

📍 Jurisdiction: Mesa County, Colorado, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

298. Mesa County Forensic Report No. 1 — TinaPeters.US

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A comparison between the Master Activation Dataset and the CVR/Ballot Images highlights clear anomalies: Example 1: Ballot ID 3 is programmed for Precinct 01A (Democratic), and Ballot ID 19 is programmed for Precinct 01G (Non-Partisan). Variance: In the CVR/Images, both Ballot ID 3 and Ballot ID 19 appear as Precinct 01C. Fulton County, GA Code Activation database (GA) Anomalous Contests: Democratic (DEM) ballots were found in precincts that were not part of the 86 authorized precincts for the District 39 Democratic contest. The Master Activation dataset provides a necessary external benchmark to test the reliability of the election record. The presence of ballots in the CVR that contradict the programmed definitions in the Master Activation dataset—such as Democratic primary contests appearing in unauthorized precincts—indicates a failure of the system to maintain the fixed identity required by federal standards (HAVA) and the manufacturer's own specifications. These discrepancies are directly testable using the ballots currently held in custody.

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

225. Independent analysis of Fulton County, GA election records by Narelle Brigden
226. Independent analysis of Fulton County, GA election records by Narelle Brigden

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Banks Township serves as a critical control case because its election results card loaded successfully and was unaffected by the ballot-definition mismatch occurring elsewhere in the county. Analysis reveals that the tabulator generated multiple, materially different representations of the same ballot set. The central finding is a "subset output" error where one reporting layer reflected only 13 ballots (corresponding to a single ballot ID) despite the tabulator correctly scanning 1,129 ballots. This discrepancy provides a technical explanation for large-scale reporting variances observed in other Antrim County precincts that required manual reconstruction from tape-based outputs. In those precincts, Republican straight-party and candidate totals were significantly suppressed in initial unofficial reports before being corrected to align with paper ballot counts.

📍 Jurisdiction: Banks Township, Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

230. Analysis of Election Artifact Discrepancies in Banks Township, MI by Narelle Brigden
231. Antrim County Tabulator Diagnostic by Narelle Brigden

📄 Open report page 315 · 🔗 Copy link

The precinct serves as the foundational unit of American election administration. It is the primary level where reconciliation, chain of custody verification, and post-election audits occur. In Michigan, precinct-level reporting is not merely a convention but a constitutional and statutory Detroit, Wayne County, mandate. However, a significant "structural gap" exists in the official records of the 2020 Detroit General Election due to the centralized processing of mail-in ballots. Detroit NEVER provided precinct-level vote tallies for the 2020 general election yet MCL 168.812 clearly requires the reporting of election results by precinct. While election-day data is recorded by precinct, mail-in ballots were processed through 134 Absentee Voter Counting Boards (AVCBs), most of which served multiple precincts. Consequently, the official Statement of Votes (SOV) for these boards lacks a precinct-level breakdown for the majority of the vote. Resolving this discrepancy and achieving a complete precinct-level picture of the election requires the acquisition of Cast Vote Record (CVR) data—machine-generated logs that are currently unreleased.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

232. Official 2020 Election Results Per Precinct
233. Detroit AVCB to Precinct Map Part 1
234. Detroit AVCB to Precinct Map Part 2

📄 Open report page 315 · 🔗 Copy link

The EAC's own investigation of Dominion Democracy Suite 5.5-B deployment in Williamson County, Tennessee documented anomalies in which close poll reports from 7 of 18 ICP tabulators did not match the number of ballots scanned - requiring correction through central count scanner re- tabulation. This is not a finding by election integrity advocates; it is a finding by the federal certification body itself that certified Dominion tabulation equipment produced vote count discrepancies in an official election environment. The EAC certification of Democracy Suite 5.5-B did not prevent, detect, or report these discrepancies to the jurisdictions that deployed the same system.

📍 Jurisdiction: Williamson County, Tennessee, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

307. EAC Report of Investigation Dominion D-Suite 5.5-B — U.S. Election Assistance Commission
308. EAC Issues Report on Tennessee Voting System Anomaly — U.S. Election Assistance Commission

📄 Open report page 329 · 🔗 Copy link

The EAC's certification program, as documented by the Brennan Center's November 2019 report, certifies voting systems against technical performance standards but does not require vendors to disclose: (1) foreign connections or ownership structures; (2) supply chain provenance of components; or (3) embedded remote-access capabilities. This structural gap enabled ESS and Dominion to pass through the federal certification pipeline while deploying systems with Chinese- manufactured components (documented at 48% for Dominion ICX), Serbian data center operations partnered with Huawei, and embedded cellular modems - none of which were disclosed to or reviewed by the EAC as part of the certification process.

📍 Jurisdiction: National, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

309. A Framework for Election Vendor Oversight — Brennan Center for Justice
310. Voting System Testing and Certification Program Manual Version 3.0 — U.S. Election Assistance Commission

📄 Open report page 329 · 🔗 Copy link

After Fulton County, Pennsylvania commissioned an independent forensic examination of its Dominion voting equipment - an audit it was authorized to conduct under Pennsylvania law - the Pennsylvania Secretary of the Commonwealth decertified Fulton County's voting machines on the stated basis that the county had permitted an independent inspector to access them. Fulton County subsequently filed suit, arguing that the decertification was unlawful and retaliatory - that the Secretary used the power of the state office to punish a county government for exercising its legitimate audit rights. This decertification creates a distinct configuration-integrity problem independent of any underlying forensic findings: by punishing the one county that subjected its equipment to independent forensic scrutiny, the Secretary created a statewide deterrent effect ensuring that no other county would risk losing its equipment by commissioning a similar audit. The result was the systematic foreclosure of precisely the kind of independent technical review that would establish whether the certified configuration had been maintained across all Pennsylvania Dominion deployments.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

311. Letter to Fulton County Officials Decertifying Dominion Voting System — PA Department of State
312. Voting machines in Pennsylvania's Fulton County decertified after audit — Washington Examiner
313. Pennsylvania Senate leaders question 'aggressive' decertification of voting machines — Just The News

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The ASOG forensic report further documented that the Antrim County Dominion EMS was erroneously configured to produce a 68.05% ballot error rate - meaning more than two-thirds of all ballots were rejected by the machine and routed to human adjudication. The national standard for acceptable ballot error rates is less than 0.0008%. A 68.05% error rate is not the product of voter error or equipment malfunction; it is the product of misconfiguration of the election management software, which defines the parameters under which ballots are accepted or rejected. ASOG concluded: "The Antrim County Clerk and Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson need to come forward and explain how the error rate was allowed to be set to 68.05%." When combined with the deletion of all adjudication logs, the mass routing of ballots to human adjudication becomes forensically unauditable.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

314. Antrim Michigan Forensics Report v2 [Redacted]
315. BREAKING: Antrim Co. Forensic Report BOMBSHELL Reveals Dominion Machines Set at 68.05% Error Rate — The Gateway Pundit

📄 Open report page 330 · 🔗 Copy link

Forensic analysis by the Allied Security Operations Group (ASOG), conducted pursuant to a court- authorized inspection in Bailey v. Antrim County, documented that the Dominion EMS was intentionally configured to generate a tabulation error rate of 68.05% - meaning more than two- thirds of all ballots processed were flagged for manual adjudication. The VVSG Section 4.1.1 maximum allowable error rate is 1 in 125,000 ballot positions - approximately 0.0008%. The documented Antrim error rate exceeded the legal maximum by a factor of approximately 85,000. Of 15,676 total log events, 10,667 were critical errors or warnings. The ASOG report's key forensic finding is that the error-handling routines were subverted to suppress critical error messages when votes were shifted between contests - the system automatically converted shifted votes into undervotes without generating the system alerts that would normally flag the anomaly for operator review. This combination - a configuration generating mass errors, a suppression mechanism hiding the errors from operators, and the routing of flagged ballots to bulk adjudication where human operators make the final allocation - created a pipeline in which the outcome of adjudicated ballots could be directed by whoever controlled the adjudication interface, without any surviving log record. All adjudication logs for the 2020 election cycle were subsequently found to be manually deleted - while logs from prior election years remained intact.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

316. Antrim Michigan Forensics Report v2 [Redacted]
317. BREAKING: Antrim Co. Forensic Report BOMBSHELL Reveals Dominion Machines Set with 68.05% Error Rate — The Gateway Pundit
318. Judge orders release of report showing Dominion Voting Systems had 68% error rate in Michigan county — Just The News

📄 Open report page 330 · 🔗 Copy link

The Gableman Special Counsel Report documented that ESS voting tabulators deployed throughout Wisconsin, despite holding federal and state certification, were manufactured and deployed with embedded 4G wireless modems enabling internet connectivity. In Green Bay, these certified machines connected to a hidden Wi-Fi access point at the Grand Hyatt hotel - the central count facility - controlled by CTCL operative Michael Spitzer-Rubenstein rather than any government employee. The presence of active 4G modems in federally certified election equipment deployed in a presidential election directly contradicts the certified air-gap configuration and represents a categorical certification violation that state-level pre-election L&A testing was not designed to detect.

📍 Jurisdiction: Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

319. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just The News; see also Special Counsel Gableman Report, available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VHPg8ac3ou5_YYqh9zYe4DL5wuOGdeQE/view
320. ES&S EVS 6.4.0.0 Certificate and Scope of Conformance — EAC

📄 Open report page 331 · 🔗 Copy link

Forensic review of Maricopa County's election network discovered a dual-boot configuration on the "Adjudication 02" endpoint workstation. The system contained two internal hard drives, both capable of booting to different operating environments. The second drive contained non-county, non-election data whose provenance has not been publicly disclosed. A certified election system is required to operate in a single, fixed, pre-approved hardware and software environment. The presence of a second bootable drive with extraneous data means that the adjudication workstation - through which ballot-level voting records were reviewed and potentially altered - was operating in a configuration that was neither tested nor approved by any accredited Voting System Test Laboratory (VSTL). Any adjudication decisions made on this machine are therefore produced by an unverifiable, uncertified configuration.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

321. Arizona Senate Audit Presentation by Ben Cotton — Scribd
322. Maricopa County Forensic Audit Executive Summary — Cyber Ninjas / Arizona Senate

📄 Open report page 331 · 🔗 Copy link

Maricopa County utilized "NVP" (zero-voter, or No Voter Population) synthetic precincts in its election programming and in its pre-election Logic and Accuracy testing. Because these synthetic precincts contain no registered voters, testing them does not validate: (1) the actual ballot styles that will appear on Election Day; (2) the district overlay configurations that determine how ballots are attributed to specific races and candidates; or (3) the reporting structures through which results are tabulated and transmitted. Arizona statutes and HAVA § 301 require that L&A testing be conducted on the precise configuration that will be used in the live election. An L&A test that validates a zero-voter synthetic precinct configuration rather than a live-voter ballot configuration cannot demonstrate that the live election configuration is functioning correctly. Any assertion that L&A testing "passed" in Maricopa County is therefore forensically meaningless as a validation of the live election system.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

326. Official Maricopa County and City of Phoenix election records explicitly list multiple “NVP” precincts (e.g., NVP 1, NVP 17, NVP 20, NVP 23, etc.). These precincts consistently report zero registered voters and zero votes cast in Statement of Votes Cast (SOV) reports. Maricopa County Justice Courts documentation confirms these were created as “non- voting precincts” or “NVPs” — small areas left with no registered voters due to redistricting boundary misalignments. They appear in precinct maps, committeemen quota lists, and canvass reports alongside normal precincts.
327. A.R.S. § 16-442 (Arizona L&A testing requirement — tests must be conducted on actual election configuration)
328. HAVA § 301, 52 U.S.C. § 21081 (federal requirement that L&A testing validate live election configuration)
329. Analysis of NVP-Designated Zero-Voter Precincts in Election Programming and Testing based upon analysis by Narelle Brigden

📄 Open report page 333 · 🔗 Copy link

Post-election forensic examinations of Maricopa County's voting systems conducted by certified test laboratories, including Pro V&V and SLI Compliance, were structurally limited to external reviews, removable-media imaging, and software-level analysis. No auditor was permitted to conduct internal hardware inspections of the tabulator units - the "lift the hood" examination that would verify whether the internal computing components inside each physical tabulator matched the EAC- certified PCOS-330A hardware model or instead matched an ICE configuration. Maricopa County's refusal to permit physical internal inspection means that the most critical hardware-level question - whether the deployed tabulators were actually the certified model - remains forensically unresolved. An audit that cannot examine the hardware cannot validate the hardware configuration.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

330. Maricopa County Forensic Audit Results Released — Maricopa County
331. Maricopa County Continues To Claim Their FRAUDITs Performed By Two Voting Machine Companies Were Sufficient - THEY WEREN'T — The Gateway Pundit
332. Maricopa County releases forensic audit of elections equipment; no irregularities found

📄 Open report page 333 · 🔗 Copy link

The Dominion ImageCast X (ICX) devices deployed in Fulton County were operated in tabulator (DRE - Direct Recording Electronic) mode during the 2020 election, with devices actively displaying "Total Ballots Cast" on their screens during voting operations. This is an unauthorized operational mode. Georgia's Master Solution Contract and the applicable EAC certification - Democracy Suite 5.5-A - certified the ICX exclusively as a Ballot Marking Device (BMD): a device that produces a marked paper ballot for separate scanning, not one that itself records and tallies votes. Operating a BMD in tabulator mode means that votes were recorded and counted by a device that was never certified for that function. The implications are fundamental: (1) the L&A testing performed on BMD-mode configurations does not validate DRE-mode operation; (2) the paper trail produced by a BMD in DRE mode may not accurately reflect what the tabulation module recorded; and (3) the result produced by an uncertified operational mode has no legal validity under HAVA or Georgia law.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

333. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
334. ICP2 v ICE configuration summary based upon Narelle Brigden analysis
335. Georgia Master Solution Contract (ICX certified as BMD only under Democracy Suite 5.5-A)
336. EAC Democracy Suite 5.5-A certification (BMD-only function)
337. Curling v. Raffensperger (Halderman Report: BMD vulnerabilities)
338. ICP2 v ICE configuration analysis report based upon Narelle Brigden analysis

📄 Open report page 334 · 🔗 Copy link

Forensic database analysis of the Mesa County Dominion Voting Systems EMS server revealed an unauthorized creation of new election databases during early voting in the 2020 General Election on October 21, 2020, followed by the digital reloading of 20,346 ballot records into the new election databases, making the original voter intent recorded from the ballots unknown. The multiple databases found within the voting system show that ballot and ballot batch records were moved and changed, breaking the chain of evidence and leaving the true vote count unknown — making the vote count impossible to authenticate or prove accurate. Dominion's installation of the Trusted Build update on the EMS in May 2021, as ordered by the Colorado Secretary of State, destroyed all data on the EMS hard drive, including the batch and ballot records that evidenced the creation of new databases and reprocessing of ballot records.

📍 Jurisdiction: Mesa County, Colorado, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

339. Mesa County Colorado Voting Systems Report #3

📄 Open report page 334 · 🔗 Copy link

Georgia's Master Solution Contract specified 8GB CompactFlash (CF) cards with a 29,000-ballot storage capacity per card. Fulton County instead deployed 4GB CF cards with a stated operational limit of 5,000 ballots - less than one-fifth the contracted capacity. Because these cards reached their informal 3,000-ballot threshold before filling, county personnel swapped memory cards 36 separate times during the early voting and Election Day period. This alone represents a significant deviation from the certified deployment configuration. The configuration failure was compounded in a critical way: when swapping cards, Fulton County staff failed to create new "logical tabulators" in the Dominion EMS - Dominion's own prescribed method for creating auditable boundaries between card-load periods. The EMS Batches Loaded Report shows no corresponding batch segmentation or load entries for the approximately 108,000 ballots associated with these card swaps, meaning the origin and chain of custody of these ballots is untraceable in the digital audit record. Dominion was aware of the 4GB card deployment; a contemporaneous report established that company officials warned Georgia election officials about the capacity mismatch.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

340. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
341. Philip B. Stark, "When Audits and Recounts Distract from Election Integrity," arXiv:2408.00055 (2024)
342. System Audit: Election Integrity Failures – Memory Cards, based upon analysis by Narelle Brigden

📄 Open report page 334 · 🔗 Copy link

During the court-ordered machine recount of Fulton County's 2020 general election results, a failure by county staff to comply with approved technological protocols for backing up and uploading tabulation data caused a server crash on November 29, 2020. This catastrophic configuration failure destroyed the active recount tabulation database entirely, requiring Fulton County to completely rescan all ballots for a fourth time. The significance of this event extends beyond the operational disruption: (1) the specific cause of the server crash - whether hardware failure, software error, or user action - has not been forensically determined; (2) the destroyed database contained intermediate tabulation data from the recount that was never recovered; and (3) the requirement to conduct a fourth full rescan means that no single complete, uninterrupted tabulation of Fulton County's ballots exists in the record without a mid-process disruption. A database recreated after a crash is not the same certified database that was deployed on Election Day.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

343. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
344. Dominion server crash delays recount in Georgia's Fulton County: report — Fox News

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In the weeks immediately preceding the 2020 election, the Georgia Secretary of State authorized Dominion to install software updates across more than 30,000 BMDs statewide without completing the EAC recertification process that such modifications require. Pre-election installation of software updates on certified systems without re-certification is a categorical violation of federal certification standards - it means that on Election Day, every BMD in Georgia was running software that had not been certified by an accredited lab as meeting HAVA's functional and security requirements. Additionally, forensic examination of the Dominion Democracy Suite databases established that cryptographic encryption keys were stored in plain text within the election database - in direct violation of FIPS 140-2 federal standards for cryptographic module security. FIPS 140-2 is specifically incorporated into HAVA's security requirements. Plaintext storage of encryption keys means that any party with database access - including through the open SQL Server port 1433 documented in multiple jurisdictions - could read, copy, or misuse the keys that secure the election's cryptographic integrity. Expert testimony accepted by the federal district court in Curling v. Raffensperger found the system capable of altering individual votes and election outcomes without detection.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

345. Dominion's Trump-Hating Executive Eric Coomer Performed a Suspicious Update in Georgia a Week Before Early Voting Started — The Gateway Pundit; see also RE Microsoft Kole House Data Elements and Sample Files.msg (series), available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vnw7BA7JfthGG91CISTEmdLMI2nfKrad/view
346. Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger's Update to Georgia's Voting Machine Software Right Before the 2020 Election Was Unlawful and Violates Any Certification of State Results — The Gateway Pundit
347. Monday, Sept 30th - Georgia Judge Hears Case on Lawsuit Concerning Dominion Encryption Keys — True the Vote

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The Dominion Election Management Server (EMS) in Antrim County, Michigan was found to contain an installation of Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio - a database administration tool that is not part of the certified Dominion Democracy Suite configuration and has not been approved by the EAC for use on election systems. This installation is not a passive software presence; SQL Server Management Studio is an active tool that allows any user with database credentials to run arbitrary SQL scripts directly against the backend database - including scripts that would alter vote tallies, modify ballot records, or delete audit log entries - without generating any entry in the certified application-level audit log. The Dominion Democracy Suite's EAC-certified audit trail only captures actions taken through the application interface, not direct database-level operations. Any action taken through SQL Server Management Studio against the election database would be invisible to the application-level audit log. This means that the audit trail cannot be relied upon to detect whether unauthorized modifications were made to the Antrim County election database.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

348. Antrim County, MI Election Management System Application Security Analysis — Cyber Ninjas Report
349. Antrim County: Technology Expert Witness Comparisons — LetsFixStuff.org

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Dominion Voting Systems CEO John Poulos testified under oath that the Antrim County EMS concurrently housed two different versions of the 2020 election project: one from September 25, 2020, and a later version from October 23, 2020. The coexistence of two versions of the same election's project file on a single EMS is not a trivial technical detail - it is a categorical violation of the system's certified state. The EAC certifies a voting system for deployment in a single, specific, unambiguous configuration; the presence of two concurrent versions of the same election project means that the system was operating in a configuration that was neither tested nor certified. Further, any L&A testing conducted before October 23 - on the September 25 version - did not validate the October 23 version that was actually used on Election Day. This admission, made under oath by the system's CEO, is direct evidence of a configuration deviation from a primary source that cannot be dismissed as partisan interpretation of forensic findings.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

350. Sworn testimony of Dominion CEO John Poulos before Michigan Senate Oversight Committee (admitted coexistence of two project versions)

📄 Open report page 337 · 🔗 Copy link

Forensic analysis of the Mesa County, Colorado EMS server - utilizing the same Dominion Democracy Suite platform deployed in multiple 2020 battleground states - revealed the unauthorized, mid- election creation of entirely new Tabulation and Adjudication databases on October 21, 2020, during the active early voting period. The original pre-election databases were deleted and replaced with new database instances. Thousands of ballot records were selectively copied into the new databases and reprocessed. This mid-election database recreation permanently and irreversibly broke the chain of custody between the ballots physically cast by voters and the database records purporting to represent those votes and voided the certified configuration state that had been validated by pre- election L&A testing. This finding is directly relevant to battleground state investigations because Mesa County used the same Dominion Democracy Suite platform and the same trusted build procedures; it demonstrates that this specific category of configuration manipulation - mid-election database recreation - is technically feasible within the platform's architecture, was actually executed in the field, and would be invisible to the application-level audit trail.

📍 Jurisdiction: Mesa County, Colorado, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

351. Mesa County Colorado Voting Systems Report #3
352. Investigation Reveals Secret Databases Created On Mesa County Colorado Dominion Voting Machine — Just the News
353. Mesa County Forensic Report No. 2 — US Election Integrity Plan

📄 Open report page 337 · 🔗 Copy link

On September 30, 2020, the Secretary of State directed county officials to install untested and uncertified software (version 5.5.10.32) written the week before on 34,000 Ballot Marking Devices across the state before it was tested or submitted to the Election Assistance Commission (“EAC”) as required. To be clear- this was not a patch, but a complete installation of a new and untested software version.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

354. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

📄 Open report page 337 · 🔗 Copy link

Georgia purchased the Dominion Democracy Suite 5.5A voting system that included tabulators with the capacity to authenticate specialized ballot paper. The Georgia Master Solutions Agreement requires counties to use the specialized paper which must be purchased from Dominion Voting Systems. The feature has been disabled on all tabulators across the state since the purchase of the system while counties continue to purchase the specialized paper at a premium.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

355. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

📄 Open report page 338 · 🔗 Copy link

The Cyber Ninjas audit documented as an established fact that neither the EMS operating system nor its antivirus software had been patched or updated since August 2019 - the date of Dominion's software installation - meaning Maricopa ran a presidential election on a system with 15+ months of unaddressed CVEs. Maricopa County contended that patching would have "invalidated EAC certification." EAC Notice of Clarification 19.01 expressly contradicted this: security patches qualify for de minimis approval, and CISA has explicitly recommended such patching. The county's defense was therefore factually false, while the unpatched system remained exposed to documented critical vulnerabilities.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

359. Cyber Ninjas Response to Maricopa County — Scribd
360. Ben Cotton Testimony July 15 2021 — Rev.com
361. EAC De Minimis Changes NOC 19-01 — EAC.gov

📄 Open report page 338 · 🔗 Copy link

The Dominion ImageCast X (ICX) was EAC-certified under Democracy Suite 5.5-A exclusively as a Ballot Marking Device (BMD) - not as a tabulator or direct-recording electronic (DRE) system. That distinction was expressly addressed in the certification. Field deployment photographs and analysis from a Pro V&V audit documented that Georgia's ICX devices were operating in tabulator/DRE mode, displaying a "Total Ballots Cast" screen - a configuration reserved for tabulator or DRE systems that was specifically excluded from the ICX's 5.5-A certification. Georgia thereby conducted its 2020 elections using equipment operating entirely outside its certified configuration, in violation of both federal certification standards and the terms of Georgia's contract with Dominion, which required EAC certification.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

365. Security Analysis of Georgia's ImageCast X Ballot Marking Devices – Halderman Report (Curling v. Raffensperger)
366. "The Dominion Voting Systems Democracy Suite 5.5-A System is a paper-based optical scan voting system. The certified system consists of four major components: 1. Election Management System (EMS); 2. ImageCast X (ICX BMD) ballot marking device; 3. ImageCast Precinct (ICP) precinct scanner; 4. ImageCast Central (ICC) central count scanner." Source: U.S. Election Assistance Commission, Attachment A — Dominion D-Suite 5.5-A Implementation Statement, dated Oct. 31, 2018.

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"The Antrim Paradox," highlights an irreconcilable discrepancy between the documented chain of custody for voting equipment and the metadata printed on the physical poll tapes. While the Halderman report attributes massive vote mis-mapping to a "one-row shift" caused by an outdated With election definition on a CompactFlash (CF) card, the actual poll tapes produced by that card contain revised contest headings and write-in structures that should not exist if the card had not been reprogrammed. This finding challenges the internal logic of the report’s explanation for the Antrim County voting discrepancies.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

367. The Antrim Paradox analysis by Narelle Brigden
368. Halderman Analysis of Antrim County

📄 Open report page 339 · 🔗 Copy link

Analysis of Mesa County, CO Dominion EMS Server images reveals that system was deployed with known SQL Server “deadlock” issues that compromises audit trail integrity.

📍 Jurisdiction: Mesa County, Colorado, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

369. Root Cause Diagnostic: Mesa County 2020 EMS Anomalies discovered by Narelle Brigden
370. Technical Analysis of Dominion EMS Export and Deadlock Anomalies discovered by Narelle Brigden

📄 Open report page 340 · 🔗 Copy link

Independent forensic examination of Fulton County's Dominion Democracy Suite 5.5 server - conducted by a third-party consultant retained by Fulton County - found: (a) failure to meet Commonwealth certification requirements; (b) non-certified database tools installed on the Dominion system; (c) changes made to the EMS three weeks before the 2020 election; and (d) failure to conduct required Logic and Accuracy (L&A) inspections. These findings collectively establish that Fulton County's deployed Dominion system materially deviated from its certified configuration in multiple independent respects simultaneously. The Pennsylvania Department of State subsequently decertified Fulton County's machines - not because of the substantive violations found by the audit, but because Fulton County had hired an independent third-party to conduct the examination, which the Secretary characterized as grounds for decertification. Fulton County sued, characterizing the decertification as unlawful retaliation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

371. Fulton County PA v. Dominion Voting Systems Complaint — Just The News
372. PA Secretary Certification Report Dominion Democracy Suite 5.17 — PA.gov
373. PA DOS Decertification Letter Fulton County Dominion 5.5 — PA.gov

📄 Open report page 340 · 🔗 Copy link

As documented in the Gableman Report, ESS voting tabulators deployed in Wisconsin were manufactured and deployed with embedded 4G cellular wireless modems enabling internet connectivity. L&A testing protocols in Wisconsin - and nationally - do not include network traffic Madison; Milwaukee, Milwaukee monitoring, port scanning, or connectivity verification as components of the accuracy test. As a result, the L&A testing conducted on ESS tabulators in Milwaukee, Madison, and other jurisdictions tested tabulation accuracy in isolation while leaving entirely undetected the active cellular modems that connected those certified machines to external networks. A system with a live cellular modem and an active internet connection is not the same system as a certified, air-gapped tabulator - and no L&A test verified the security configuration that certification assumed to be present.

📍 Jurisdiction: County, Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

374. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just The News
375. Gableman Report on Wisconsin Elections (page 14) — Gableman Report

📄 Open report page 340 · 🔗 Copy link

Election records obtained in response to FOIA request for 2020 election records that were subpoenaed by the MI legislature revealed that LAN-enabled JF-prefix Serial Numbers were deployed in Livonia, MI rather than the “air-gapped” JS-prefix models. The deployed version significantly increased the risk of network-based subversion of the election and indicates that the election was not conducted with an approved scanner configuration thereby serving as grounds for decertification of the results.

📍 Jurisdiction: Livonia, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

376. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just The News
377. Analysis of Livonia 2020 Election subpoena records by Narelle Brigden
378. Michigan Legislature, Joint Legislative Subpoena, December 15, 2020 ("Document 003"), covering 38 document categories, compliance deadline January 12, 2021. Citizens filed FOIA request May 7, 2021 encompassing all 38 subpoena categories. See Kate Riley, Livonia Election Integrity FOIA Timeline (April–June 2021). FOIA production repository
379. Canon Inc., DR-G2140/G2110/G2090 User ManualDR-G2140/G2110/G2090 User Manual, p. 5 (distinguishing JF "network models" supporting wired LAN scanning via RJ-45 from JS "USB models" supporting USB connection only). Available at
380. Canon Inc., imageFORMULA DR-G2140/G2110 Service ManualimageFORMULA DR-G2140/G2110 Service Manual ("The network scanning with wired LAN is supported by the DR-G2140/G2110 network models."). Available at
381. U.S. Election Assistance Commission, D-Suite 5.5 Certificate and Scope of CertificationD-Suite 5.5 Certificate and Scope of Certification (FINAL), specifying: "Wide Area Network – Use of Wireless: NO; Local Area Network – Use of Wireless: NO; Local Area Network – Use of TCP/IP: YES (Client/server only); Internet Connectivity: NO." The Verified Voting Foundation's profile of the ImageCast Central further confirms that "ImageCast Central workstation is connected to the EMS Local Area Network" — the approved data path routes scanner → workstation via USB, and workstation → EMS via LAN. EAC Scope
382. The compliance argument proceeds as follows: (a) ECO 100601 approves the DR-G2140 for use in D-Suite 5.5; (b) the D-Suite 5.5 Scope of Certification restricts LAN use to client/server communication between the ICC workstation and EMS server; (c) Canon's User Manual and Service Manual establish that the JF variant possesses an independent RJ-45 LAN port and LAN-scanning capability; (d) that independent LAN capability has no approved role in the certified data path. Neither the EAC documents nor the Canon documents individually adjudicate the JF/JS compliance question; the argument rests on the combination of both.

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Contrary to representations made to the district court and the public, Maricopa County did not conduct statutorily mandated pre-election L&A testing on all its active vote-center tabulators prior to the November 2020 election. Instead, county officials tested only five spare tabulators - units not deployed to vote centers - leaving the actual production machines used by voters on Election Day entirely unverified. L&A test result tapes were generated on spare units and associated with production machine serial numbers in a manner that could not confirm those production units tabulated accurately.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

383. Parikh Declaration (v4c, Mar. 18, 2024)
384. Lake Motion to Expedite (SCOTUS Docket 23-1021): Available via supremecourt.gov docket search or mirrored copies on Democracy Docket.

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The Georgia Secretary of State's L&A procedures manual, issued in January 2020, directed counties to test only one candidate race per Ballot Marking Device (BMD) for each ballot style, rather than all contests on the ballot. This truncated testing protocol directly contradicts O.C.G.A. § 21-2-379.25(c), which requires L&A testing to verify accurate recording for all offices and questions on the ballot. In a statewide election with dozens of contest positions - judicial races, constitutional amendments, local races, and federal contests - testing a single race provides no assurance whatsoever that the BMD will accurately record votes in untested races, including presidential. An undetected software defect affecting the presidential race but not the single tested race would pass L&A testing under Georgia's protocol without triggering any alarm.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

388. Logic and Accuracy Procedures v1.02 — Georgia Secretary of State

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Shortly after L&A testing began across Georgia's counties in advance of the November 2020 general election, a display bug was discovered in the Dominion ICX BMD software. The Secretary of State's office coordinated a software patch - described as correcting the visual display of ballots - that was distributed and installed on all 30,000 BMDs statewide without completing VSTL testing or obtaining the required EAC certification, as documented in the September 30, 2020 SOS directive. This last- minute installation nullified every L&A test that had already been conducted, introducing untested code into all 30,000 production devices. No state directive was issued requiring re-testing of the updated devices before the election, and there is no documented evidence that comprehensive re- testing was conducted on any material portion of the updated fleet.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

389. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
390. Halderman Report: Dominion Machines Can Be Defeated During Certification Testing — News Article

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The City of Detroit deployed central Election Management System (EMS) workstations, Remote Tally Management (RTM) laptops, and adjudication workstations at the TCF Center to process over 172,000 absentee ballots. None of these centralized, high-risk systems were subjected to public accuracy testing before the election. MCL § 168.798 requires public testing of voting equipment; the EMS and adjudication systems are the highest-impact nodes in the vote-tabulation chain - they receive tabulator output, manage batch adjudication decisions, and produce final consolidated totals. Testing only precinct-level tabulators while leaving EMS and adjudication systems entirely untested creates a fundamental gap in the verification chain: accurate precinct tabulation can be completely negated by downstream manipulation at the EMS or adjudication layer.

📍 Jurisdiction: Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

392. "October 29th, 9 AM – the voting machine Logic and Accuracy test is held via Zoom, due to Covid-19. Trump campaign lawyers are denied in-person observation of the event." [Flynn, S. Trump Campaign, Pers. Comm. c. October 28th, 2020]
393. EXPOSED: Detroit Election Night Reporting Process — Lets Fix Stuff
394. Election Results Are Missing Key Audit Trail Links | Lets Fix Stuff

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Antrim County Clerk Sheryl Guy uploaded a modified election project file to the Dominion ImageCast Precinct tabulators on October 23, 2020 - replacing the original project built on September 25, 2020 - without conducting the required public accuracy test on the newly programmed system as required by MCL § 168.798. This statutory violation allowed a severe configuration mismatch to remain undetected and ultimately produced an apparent 7,060-vote flip from Trump to Biden that was reported on election night before being corrected. The ASOG forensic report documented a 68.05% error rate in the tabulator logs - vastly exceeding the VVSG maximum of 1 per 125,000 positions - with 10,667 critical errors or warnings out of 15,676 total log events. Had a proper L&A test been conducted after the October 23 modification, these errors would have been detected before any voter cast a ballot.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

395. ASOG Antrim Michigan Forensics Report — ASOG Report
396. Halderman Antrim County Forensic Analysis — USENIX Security Symposium
397. Antrim County: The Thread That Unravels 2020 Election Theft — LetsFixStuff.org

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ASOG's forensic examination of Antrim County L&A records revealed a 110% ballot reversal rate in adjudication log records during the L&A testing phase for Warner Township. A reversal rate exceeding 100% is mathematically indicative of systematic error, configuration failure, or software anomaly - it means more ballots were reversed in adjudication than were cast in the test. This anomalous finding was not investigated, not corrected, and not reported to any oversight authority before the election proceeded. EMS system event logs (slog.txt and EmsLogger) that would contain the complete record of these anomalous events are among the class of records documented as absent for the 2020 election cycle, consistent with ASOG's finding that 2020 adjudication logs were selectively deleted.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

398. Warner Township Public Accuracy Test held on October 20, 2020
399. Halderman "entirely omitted" the 111% reversal rate — Election Crime Bureau
400. Bailey v. Antrim County, Case No. 20-9238-CZ, James Thomas Penrose IV and Jeffrey Lenberg, "Assessment of Halderman Expert Report Dated March 26, 2021" (June 23, 2021)

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The Speckin Forensics examination of Fulton County's Dominion voting machines - conducted in 2022 as part of Fulton County v. Dominion Voting Systems - documented that required Logic and Accuracy inspections had not been conducted and that changes were made to the EMS three weeks before the 2020 election. A system that has been modified after its last documented L&A test has, by definition, not been tested in its deployed configuration. L&A testing had been designed specifically to catch this class of pre-election modification. Its omission meant that a materially modified EMS configuration was deployed without any independent verification of accurate tabulation. The Pennsylvania Department of State's response to this finding - decertifying Fulton County's machines not for the substantive violations but for the act of hiring an independent expert - structurally discouraged any other county from conducting independent verification.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

404. Speckin Forensics Report — Fulton County PA

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After the discovery of the voting systems failure detailed in Count 1, Logic & Accuracy testing was suspended pending resolution of the problem. After the new software was installed, Fulton County did not perform L&A testing on the voting equipment utilized for Advance Voting.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

409. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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During the 2020 election, the City of Detroit had 503 election precincts. Each election precinct featured a Dominion ImageCast Precinct (ICP) tabulators and a Dominion ImageCastX (ICX) Voter Assist Terminal Station (VATS) to assist handicapped individuals in generating a ballot for them to deposit into the ICP for tabulation. The Detroit Absentee Voter Counting Board (AVCB) featured 134 counting boards. Each of these counting boards were assigned 3-5 precincts. AVCB ballots were tallied by 25 ImageCast Central (ICC) tabulators which routed rejected ballots to one of 14 unique Adjudicator workstations. Only 14 Dominion ICP devices were subject to Public Accuracy Test.

📍 Jurisdiction: Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

410. Election Results Are Missing Key Audit Trail Links| Lets Fix Stuff

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The Cyber Ninjas audit documented that a single, identical password was used for all user accounts on all EMS, EMS client, adjudication, HiPro scanner, and ICC workstations - credentials installed by Dominion during the August 6, 2019 system installation and never changed through the date of the audit, a period exceeding two years and one presidential election. This directly violated Arizona's 2019 Election Procedures Manual (EPM), §5, which mandates that "users and, if applicable, stations shall have unique usernames and secure passwords" and that "vendor-supplied generic passwords may not be used." The practical consequence: any person who obtained the single credential - authorized, unauthorized, or via social engineering - had administrative access to every component of the election management infrastructure.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

412. Maricopa County Forensic Audit Volume III: Results Details — Cyber Ninjas Audit Report

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The Cyber Ninjas audit confirmed as an established fact that Maricopa County did not possess the administrative iButtons required to independently access, configure, or validate its Dominion tabulation systems. Only Dominion Voting Systems held these tokens. The Senate cover letter stated: "No private company should be trusted with the keys to our democracy. If a county doesn't even have administrator passwords for its vote-counting machines, the county cannot properly monitor its own elections." A county that structurally lacks administrative access to its own certified election equipment cannot demonstrate VVSG-required configuration compliance and cannot independently verify the integrity of a single count.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

413. Maricopa County Forensic Audit Volume III: Results Details — Cyber Ninjas Audit Report
414. AZ Senate cover letter (Karen Fann letter, Sept. 24, 2021): 'No private company should be trusted with the keys to our democracy'
415. Ken Bennett Compliance Report (county directed Dominion not to cooperate with Senate audit)

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The EOG Report and independent forensic analysis confirmed that Dominion stored master cryptographic encryption keys unprotected and in plain text within the same database used to store election data and produce contest results - in direct violation of FIPS 140-2, which requires cryptographic keys to be protected within a cryptographic module from unauthorized access. This violation was confirmed in election databases from multiple Georgia counties including Appling, Bibb, Coffee, Jones, and Telfair. The plaintext keys provide access to "all tools and information including usernames and passwords necessary to manipulate, fabricate, produce, and/or replace election results...without detection." This vulnerability is the most catastrophic single-point security failure documented in any certified U.S. election system.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

416. RESPONSE TO MOTION TO DISMISS — Fulton County Superior Court
417. Dekalb GOP v. Raffensperger Mandamus — VoterGA.org
418. Halderman Expert Report (referenced) — Fulton County Superior Court
419. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Prof. J. Alex Halderman (Univ. of Michigan), serving as plaintiff's expert in Curling v. Raffensperger, documented through hands-on forensic testing of the EAC-certified ICX BMD system that: (1) attackers can alter ballot QR codes (the operative data the tabulation system counts, not the human- readable text); (2) malicious software can be installed remotely from the EMS; and (3) audit log entries can be subverted. The Curling court found these opinions credible and issued injunctive relief. CISA was notified of these findings on September 2, 2021, but suppressed public disclosure for approximately 22 months - finally acknowledging nine specific vulnerabilities in a June 2022 advisory - while Georgia conducted additional elections on the same platform. The EAC's certification of this system did not detect, and its program did not address any of these vulnerabilities.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

420. Security Analysis of Georgia’s ImageCast X Ballot Marking Devices
421. Security Analysis of the Dominion ImageCast X — CITP Princeton
422. Halderman Declaration — Colorado SOS

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[Established Fact - As to SQL port configuration and demonstrated vulnerability] Forensic analysis of Dominion's Democracy Suite in multiple jurisdictions established that SQL Server port 1433 was configured to accept connections from any IP address worldwide. Port 1433 is the standard network port for Microsoft SQL Server - the database engine underlying the Democracy Suite. An open, world-accessible SQL Server port means that any actor with valid database credentials could directly connect to the election database from any internet-connected device and execute queries against it: inserting, modifying, or deleting records in the vote database without passing through any certified application interface and without generating any entry in the certified application-level audit trail. The Mesa County forensic team demonstrated this vulnerability empirically: using a non-Dominion workstation and an iPhone SQL client, they were able to directly modify election database records in a Mesa County Democracy Suite environment. Whether this architectural deficiency - present in the certified deployment configuration shipped to all Democracy Suite jurisdictions - was exploited in any Pennsylvania county is a forensic question that has not been answered, because the external IP transmission logs from the Fulton County forensic examination have not been fully disclosed.

📍 Jurisdiction: Mesa County, Colorado, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

423. Douglas Gould, “Report #2: Forensic Examination and Analysis Report” (Feb. 28, 2022), analyzing forensic images of Mesa County’s Dominion D-Suite 5.11-CO EMS server (the certified version used in the 2020 election)
424. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, ICS Advisory (ICSA-22-154-01): Dominion Voting Systems Democracy Suite ImageCast X (June 3, 2022), discussed in CyberScoop at
425. Fulton County v. Dominion Voting Systems, Inc., No. 277 MD 2021, Civil Complaint (Fulton Cty. Ct. of Common Pleas, Sept. 20, 2022), available at
426. Fulton County, PA Speckin Forensics Report, September 15, 2022

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The Dominion EMS server's operating system and antivirus software were not patched or updated after August 6, 2019 - the date of initial installation - leaving the system exposed to all known exploits disclosed during the subsequent 14 months before the November 2020 election, including the entire pre-election deployment period. More critically, Dominion configured the voting machines with FIPS-level decryption keys stored in an election database table in plaintext, protected only by easily bypassed Windows credentials. Any actor with access to the database - through the globally- open SQL Server port (see AZ.EVS.SN-03) - could retrieve these keys and decrypt, modify, or replace election result files without cryptographic detection.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

432. Cyber Ninjas Findings: No OS or AV Updates Since Aug 2019 — The Gateway Pundit
433. Ben Cotton Second Declaration: 12,507 Executables Modified Post Aug 6 2019 & Plaintext Encryption Keys — Benjamin R. Cotton Declaration
434. AZ Senate Hearing Transcript: No Updates/Patches Since Dominion Install Aug 2019 — Arizona Senate Audit Hearing

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The credentials (usernames and passwords) for all EMS server components - EMS workstations, adjudication workstations, HiPro scanners, and ICC workstations - were created during the Dominion software installation on August 6, 2019, and were never changed from that date through the delivery of systems for forensic audit following the 2020 election: a period exceeding two years encompassing one presidential election cycle. The same password was used for all user accounts on all systems, meaning that any person - an insider, vendor employee, or unauthorized actor who obtained the single common credential - could access and potentially modify any component of the election management infrastructure without attribution. This directly violates the Arizona Election Procedures Manual's requirement that users have unique usernames and secure passwords, and that vendor-supplied generic passwords may not be used.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

435. Arizona State Senate Hearing on the 2020 Election Audit Transcript — Rev.com
436. Cyber Ninjas Audit Findings on Maricopa Voting Machines — The Gateway Pundit

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The Dominion EMS SQL Server was configured with firewall rules accepting inbound connections on port 1433 from any IP address worldwide, bypassing the certified application layer entirely. The Mesa County Forensic Team demonstrated this vulnerability empirically: a non-Dominion workstation - and even an iPhone SQL client - could directly query and modify election databases without interacting with the certified Dominion software. This is not a theoretical risk; it is a documented architectural deficiency in the deployed production system.

📍 Jurisdiction: Mesa County, Colorado, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

437. Mesa County Forensic Report No. 2 — US Election Integrity Plan

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The EMS server's Windows Security Event Log was configured with a maximum retention size of 20 MB and set to automatically overwrite older entries when full. As a consequence, the earliest log entry preserved at the time of forensic audit was dated February 5, 2021 - not November 3, 2020. Every access event, authentication attempt, administrative action, and network connection that occurred during the preparation and conduct of the 2020 general election had been automatically overwritten before auditors arrived. This configuration did not result from storage constraints: the EMS server had over 2 terabytes of free storage. The practical effect was that it is impossible to determine who accessed the EMS, from what IP address, on what dates, or what actions they took during the election cycle.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

438. Arizona State Senate Hearing on the 2020 Election Audit — Rev Transcript
439. Maricopa County Forensic Audit Volume III: Results Details — Cyber Ninjas Audit Report

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Cybersecurity expert Harri Hursti, providing sworn testimony in Curling v. Raffensperger, documented severe operational security failures in Georgia county election offices. EMS and tabulation servers were not hardened according to NIST benchmark guidelines; servers exhibited frequent, untracked use of USB flash drives, and unauthorized software applications - including video games - were installed on election management workstations. The presence of unauthorized software creates direct pathways for malware injection via USB, introduces unknown network-facing processes that may create additional attack surfaces, and violates both the VVSG's requirement that systems operate in a closed, controlled configuration and the principle that only certified software run on election-certified machines.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

440. Declaration of Harri Hursti — Curling v. Raffensperger Court Filing

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Independent forensic analysis confirmed that Dominion placed master cryptographic encryption keys unprotected and in plaintext within the same database used to store election data and produce contest results - in direct violation of FIPS 140-2, which requires cryptographic keys to be protected within a cryptographic module. This vulnerability was confirmed in election databases from multiple Georgia counties, including Appling, Bibb, Coffee, Jones, and Telfair. The EOG Report concluded that these encryption keys "provide access to all tools and information including usernames and passwords necessary to manipulate, fabricate, produce, and/or replace election results . . . without detection." The keys were present in the same database that was accessible via open SQL Server ports, meaning that any remote actor who connected to the database had the cryptographic means to decrypt, modify, and re-encrypt results without leaving evidence.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

441. True the Vote on DeKalb GOP Lawsuit — True the Vote
442. Fulton County Superior Court Dismissal Order — Fulton County Clerk
443. Fulton County, GA 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Forensic analysis of the Antrim County EMS revealed that the master cryptographic key used to encrypt all voting results transmitted from tabulators was stored in plaintext in a database table - identical to the vulnerability confirmed in Georgia. Additionally, all users relied on the generic, shared administrative account "EMSADMIN" with a 12-year-old password: "dvscorp08!" - a password whose format encodes the corporate initials "dvs" (Dominion Voting Systems) and the year "08," indicating it was set at manufacture in 2008 and never changed. CyTech/CyFir forensic examination documented two successful, anonymous remote logins with escalated privileges on November 5 and November 17, 2020 - two and fourteen days after the election - using this credential. The identity of these remote actors has never been publicly established.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

444. Cyber Ninjas Antrim County EMS Security Analysis — Court Filing
445. Benjamin R. Cotton Affidavit June 8, 2021 — Court Filing

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Forensic imaging of the Dominion Democracy Suite 5.5 server in Fulton County, PA discovered that VNC (Virtual Network Computing) and RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) protocols were actively enabled on secured election management workstations - creating open remote-access channels that permitted outward data routing to foreign IP addresses without authentication requirement. These misconfigurations nullified any defense relying on a physical or logical air gap. The Pennsylvania Department of State's subsequent decertification of Fulton County's Dominion machines - issued not because of the substantive security vulnerabilities found, but purportedly because Fulton County had used an independent third-party consultant to find them - is itself documented as a potentially retaliatory act. Fulton County filed suit, characterizing the decertification as unlawful retaliation for exercising its audit rights.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

446. Fulton County v. Dominion Voting Systems, Inc., Civil Complaint ¶¶ 70–74, Court of Common Pleas, 39th Judicial District, Fulton County, PA (Sept. 20, 2022), available at
447. Carroll et al. v. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Emergency Application for Stay, Pennsylvania Supreme Court No. 277 MD 2021 (filed Aug. 28, 2023), at p. 25, incorporating Benjamin R. Cotton Affidavit (Exhibit C, Aug. 24, 2023), available at
448. Carroll et al. v. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Petition for Writ of Certiorari, SCOTUS Docket No. 23-1237 (filed May 30, 2024), available at
449. County of Fulton v. Secretary of the Commonwealth, Pennsylvania Supreme Court, 3 MAP 2022, opinion at

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Election Systems & Software (ESS), the largest U.S. voting machine vendor, admitted in a 2018 letter to Senator Ron Wyden that it had installed pcAnywhere remote-access software on election management systems sold to Pennsylvania and other states between 2000 and 2006 - directly contradicting prior public representations that it had never done so. The period during which pcAnywhere was installed coincided with the theft of pcAnywhere's source code by hackers, meaning that any ESS EMS with pcAnywhere installed was potentially accessible to anyone possessing the stolen source code. ESS refused to disclose to Congress which specific states and counties had received affected systems and refused to seek Colorado certification when the state required vulnerability test results to be made public.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

450. Top Voting Machine Vendor Admits It Installed Remote-Access Software on Systems Sold to States — Vice Motherboard
451. Public Citizen Calls on Largest Voting Machine Vendor to Stop Selling Machines That Connect to the Internet — Public Citizen
452. Voting machine vendor says it installed remote software connections — CyberScoop

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The Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) issued 3,137 FIDO (Fast Identity Online) hardware security keys for WisVote database access while admitting it cannot account for how many keys it has actually issued. At least one county received 15 keys after requesting only 2, and was told to hold unused keys "just in case." Of 2,938 active keys at one audit point, 1,929 (66%) were issued with full clerk-level access, rendering multi-factor authentication effectively meaningless. In Green Bay, CTCL- affiliated operative Michael Spitzer-Rubenstein - a Brooklyn-based attorney with no governmental authority - controlled a hidden Wi-Fi access point at the Grand Hyatt Hotel facility to which all Green Bay ESS voting machines were connected on election night. He simultaneously had physical access to ballots and machines and made the determination that late-arriving ballots should be counted.

📍 Jurisdiction: Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

453. The WEC Is a Member of the ERIC System — Gateway Pundit
454. Gableman Report on Wisconsin Elections (page 14) — Gableman Report
455. Election Security Report - Sauk County — Sauk County WI

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Maricopa County did not possess the administrative iButtons - hardware authentication tokens required to configure, validate, and independently access the Dominion tabulation systems it deployed in the 2020 election. These tokens were retained exclusively by Dominion Voting Systems throughout the election cycle. As a consequence, Maricopa County election officials had no independent ability to configure, validate, or verify the operational status of the voting systems they were legally responsible for administering. The Cyber Ninjas audit team confirmed: "Maricopa County does not control the administrative iButtons." When investigators attempted to obtain technical explanation from Dominion, the vendor refused - acting under direction from the County. A private company retaining exclusive hardware authentication authority over critical government election infrastructure is constitutionally and legally incompatible with the principle that elections are a governmental function.

📍 Jurisdiction: Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

456. Maricopa County Forensic Audit Volume III: Results Details — Cyber Ninjas Audit Report
457. Ben Cotton Testimony July 15 2021 — Rev.com
458. EAC De Minimis Changes NOC 19-01 — EAC.gov

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Binary analysis of EPBHostService.exe — the poll book host service deployed to all 44 Livonia precincts on Election Day 2020 — reveals a RestoreDatabase API endpoint capable of overwriting the entire active voter database (EPB.accdb, 79 MB) at runtime. Calling this endpoint during an election would replace all voter check-in records accumulated since polls opened — erasing voting-status data and potentially allowing already checked-in voters to re-appear as unchecked-in. No access controls, authentication requirements, or API call logs for this endpoint were produced in any FOIA or subpoena response. The security perimeter of this API on Election Day 2020 is therefore unknown.

📍 Jurisdiction: Livonia, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

461. Livonia 2020 Election Precinct Anomalies Report
462. Anomaly 23 Detailed Report, 2020 Livonia Election Analysis
463. The RestoreDatabase API is, by its architecture, a self-erasing capability. The examination of its binary code reveals that the full API surface exposed by EPBHostService.exe includes: api/voters/BackupDatabase/ — creates a backup, api/voters/RestoreDatabase/ — overwrites the active database, and api/voters/CloseDatabaseConnection/ — closes the connection. None of these three administrative endpoints appear in any logging path. Calling RestoreDatabase at runtime would replace EPB.accdb wholesale — overwriting every voter check-in record, every ACTIONHISTORY entry, every VOTINGSTATUS record — and leave no trace of the call itself anywhere in the system. If it was called on Election Day 2020, no record of that call survives in any system accessible through FOIA. The only potential forensic path is the encrypted EPB.accdb itself — if decrypted, a gap in ACTIONHISTORY timestamps or an anomalous reset of VOTINGSTATUS entries mid-election would be circumstantial evidence of a Restore call having occurred.

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Livonia Electronic Poll Books connected to 79 MB Microsoft Access database containing numerous fields including VoterID, PartyID, Timestamps, BallotNumber, and BallotStyle. When coupled with CVR (which includes RecordID and vote data), this information can reveal how an individual voter cast their votes thereby eliminating the secret ballot which is a guaranteed right in the Michigan Constitution. An additional consideration worth noting pertains to the inclusion of the PartyID field in the EPB database. Michigan does not have party registration which begs the question why such a data field would be present in support of general election operations. It is difficult to understand any benign explanation for the use of this field in support of election operations. The field would be very useful, however, in support of a party-affiliation based vote-flip script.

📍 Jurisdiction: Livonia, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

464. Livonia 2020 Election Precinct Anomalies Report
465. Anomaly 25 Detailed Report, 2020 Livonia Election Analysis
466. The City of Livonia deployed Electronic Poll Books (EPBs) running on a Microsoft Access database (EPB.accdb, 79 MB, timestamped December 29, 2020). Forensic analysis of the EPB binary files confirmed the database schema contains fields including VoterID, PartyID, BallotNumber, BallotStyleID, and check-in timestamps recorded at ballot issuance. When combined with a Cast Vote Record (CVR) export from the Dominion Democracy Suite Election Management System — which contains a RecordId field, TabulatorId, BatchId, and vote selections for each scanned ballot — this data combination creates a pathway to identify how individual voters cast their ballots, in direct violation of the right to a secret ballot guaranteed by Michigan Constitution Article II, § 4(1) ("the right, once registered, to vote a secret ballot in all elections") and the legislative mandate under Article II, § 4(2) that the Legislature "preserve the secrecy of the ballot." The specific technical mechanism enabling this breach was publicly disclosed on August 23, 2022, when Professor J. Alex Halderman of the University of Michigan wrote directly to Dominion CEO John Poulos identifying a "serious privacy flaw" in the ImageCast Precinct (ICP) and ImageCast Evolution (ICE) tabulators, the specific models deployed in Michigan. Halderman and co-author Braden L. Crimmins found that Dominion tabulators generate RecordIds using a fixed, predictable mathematical sequence — a linear congruential generator with output obfuscated by a simple substitution cipher — such that anyone possessing the algorithm (which the researchers derived using only public information) can reconstruct the precise order in which ballots were scanned within any batch. The letter states: "In many cases, this would allow attackers to determine how identifiable individuals voted." Halderman further documented that the flaw "can be discovered and exploited by members of the public without any access to equipment or breach of controls," and that "all publicly available ICP and ICE ballot images and CVRs that we have examined suffer from this flaw" — a statement covering all current versions of both devices. Dominion's own documentation had previously claimed CVR exports entail "[n]o compromise to voter privacy," a representation the disclosure letter directly contradicted. The scanning order recovered via the RecordId algorithm, when correlated against EPB check-in timestamps linking voters to specific ballot issuance times, creates a probabilistic — and in low-traffic precincts, near-certain — bridge between voter identity and vote content. In small precincts such as those among Livonia's 44 precincts, this correlation strengthens substantially.
467. An additional concern arises from the presence of a PartyID field within the EPB database, populated with values drawn from the Michigan Qualified Voter File (QVF). Michigan law is unambiguous: "Michigan voters do not register by party affiliation," as confirmed by the Michigan Secretary of State, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission, and the City of Portage's official elections FAQ citing Michigan Election Law. There is no party registration field on the Michigan voter registration form, and no party affiliation field exists in the standard QVF data dictionary. The sole lawful source of any party-associated data in Michigan voter records is the history of primary ballot selections — specifically, the party's primary ballot a voter requested in prior elections — which Michigan law at MCL 168.615c requires voters to indicate in writing only for Presidential Primary elections, and which MCL 168.495a — enacted in response to "public outrage" over perceived violations of ballot secrecy — expressly prohibits from disclosure under FOIA. Michigan previously operated a closed primary system requiring party declaration, but abandoned it by 1995 specifically because voters objected that recording party preference "is an intrusion on their right to a secret ballot." The presence of a PartyID field in a general election EPB database — where no partisan primary split exists and no ballot style distinction by party is required — has no apparent operational justification. The field would, however, provide the precise targeting selector required by a party- affiliation-based vote manipulation script executing a SQL UPDATE against BALLOTREGISTER records: WHERE PartyID = [target party], SET BallotStyleID = [alternate style]

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The federal government contracted with an organization whose name is the Center for Internet Security to protect election infrastructure from internet-based threats — while simultaneously maintaining the official public position that the very election systems being protected are not connected to the internet. The logical tension this creates is not merely rhetorical. If election systems were genuinely air-gapped and offline, the engagement of an organization whose entire institutional identity and mission is organized around internet security would be, at minimum, unnecessary. The contractor's name implicitly concedes what official denials explicitly rejected: that internet connectivity is a live and present concern in election infrastructure. Federal officials testified under oath before Congress that election systems are protected in part by being "non-Internet connected," while simultaneously funding an organization called the Center for Internet Security — receiving at its peak $27 million per fiscal year in federal funds — to provide 24/7 internet threat monitoring, incident response, and intrusion detection services to those same systems.

📍 Jurisdiction: National, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

468. June 21, 2017 Testimony of Jeanette Manfra, Acting Deputy Under Secretary for Cybersecurity and Communications, "multiple checks and redundancies in U.S. election infrastructure—including diversity of systems, non-Internet connected voting machines, pre-election testing, and processes for media, campaign, and election officials to check, audit, and validate results—make it likely" [that operations against the infrastructure would be unsuccessful]

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WEC Administrator Meagan Wolfe made at least three demonstrably false statements to the Wisconsin Assembly Committee on Campaigns and Elections, including expressly denying the existence of any API into the WisVote or BadgerBooks systems. Documentary evidence - including grant agreements, city-provided records, and direct admissions from city officials - established that at least one Zuckerberg 5 city had provided real-time API access to WisVote and BadgerBooks to private CTCL-affiliated organizations. Real-time API access to a statewide certified voter registration system by uncredentialed private parties constitutes both a certification integrity failure and an unlawful disclosure of protected voter data. Wolfe's false denial before the committee may constitute perjury under Wis. Stat. § 946.31 if made under oath, and misconduct in public office under Wis. Stat. § 946.12 in any event.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

471. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just The News; see also Special Counsel Gableman Report, available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VHPg8ac3ou5_YYqh9zYe4DL5wuOGdeQE/view
472. THIS IS BIG: Wisconsin Committee on Campaigns and Elections Demands Answers from Wisconsin Elections Commission on Access to Voter Rolls — The Gateway Pundit
473. 2023 ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION 18 Impeachment of Meagan Wolfe — Wisconsin Legislature

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Forensic imaging of the Dominion Democracy Suite 5.5 server utilized in Fulton County, Pennsylvania recovered definitive evidence of remote transmissions to external IP addresses during the election period. EAC certification of the Democracy Suite 5.5 series requires the system to operate in a strictly air-gapped configuration - meaning zero connectivity to any external network before, during, or after tabulation. This requirement is not aspirational; it is a hard certification condition because any external network connection creates a pathway through which ballots records, vote tallies, or configuration data can be exfiltrated, and through which unauthorized commands or database modifications can be introduced from outside the physical election environment. The documented existence of remote transmissions to external IPs is direct, forensic evidence that the Fulton County (PA) Dominion deployment was not operating in its certified air-gapped configuration. The identities of the external IP addresses - and their geographic or organizational attribution - have not been publicly disclosed.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

474. Fulton County Emergency Application for Stay — Pennsylvania Supreme Court Filing
475. Fulton County v. Dominion Complaint — Just the News (Court Complaint)
476. Pennsylvania high court taps special master

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The OSC Gableman Report documented that ES&S voting machines deployed in Wisconsin municipalities were manufactured with 4G wireless modems installed at the factory level. These modems enabled the machines to connect to the internet through Wi-Fi hotspots, directly contravening the configuration requirements of Wis. Stat. § 5.91 and the federal VVSG framework, both of which mandate absolute network isolation for certified voting systems. A 4G modem is not a passive hardware component - it is an active radio transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving data over any available cellular network. The presence of factory-installed 4G modems in tabulation hardware that is required by law to be air-gapped means that the fundamental security premise of Wisconsin's certified voting system configuration was false from the point of manufacture. Whether any of the factory-installed modems were active during the 2020 election - and whether any data was transmitted through them - is an open forensic question that has not been resolved, because Wisconsin's voting machines were subsequently subjected to software updates that erased configuration-relevant records before forensic imaging was completed.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

477. Gableman Report on Wisconsin Elections (page 14) — Gableman Report
478. Review finds Wisconsin voting equipment at times connected to internet — WisPolitics
479. Wisconsin County Successfully Debuts ExpressVote and DS200

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On October 23, 2020, a poll worker at the North Fulton Government Service Center reported that one of the computers used for absentee ballot processing was remotely accessed from an unknown location, with the remote party taking control of the computer and deleting information. This incident was documented in an email chain initiated by Frances Watson, Chief Investigator of the Secretary of State's Investigations Division. The laptop was confirmed to be connected to the internet via Wi-Fi at the time of the unauthorized access. No public criminal referral, arrest, or prosecution regarding this incident has been documented in any available record, despite its unambiguous character as a Computer Fraud and Abuse Act violation occurring during live election operations.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

480. Frances Watson email chain (Chief Investigator, SOS Investigations Division) documenting Oct. 23, 2020 report of remote access and data deletion at North Fulton Government Service Center
481. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
482. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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[Established Fact - Colbeck's sworn testimony] Former Michigan State Senator Patrick Colbeck, an aerospace engineer, certified Microsoft Small Business Specialist, and credentialed observer at the TCF Center, provided sworn affidavit testimony that tabulation workstations and adjudication workstations at the Detroit central count facility were connected to the internet during the tabulation of over 172,000 absentee ballots. Judge Timothy Kenny's ruling in Costantino v. City of Detroit dismissed this claim without discovery or evidentiary hearing, while simultaneously acknowledging that "essential tables had computer connectivity" - a logical distinction the court did not explain. The court's own admission of partial internet connectivity, combined with refusal to permit network log discovery, left the factual record unresolved.

📍 Jurisdiction: Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

483. Colbeck Affidavit — Scribd; see also Costantino v Detroit, https://www.greatlakesjc.org/cases/costantino_v_detroit/
484. Detroit Elections: Smoke and Mirrors — LetsFixStuff.org
485. MI Senate 2020 Election Report: #BigLie vs #BigTruth — LetsFixStuff.org

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During forensic examination of an ES&S DS200 ballot tabulator, analysts found a Telit LE910-SV1 wireless 4G LTE modem card installed internally within the enclosure of the machine (Figure 5 in the document). This was not an external peripheral — it was a built-in, internal component of the DS200 unit itself. The card is described in the document as physically present and photographed within the ES&S machine's circuit board assembly.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

492. Penrose, James Thomas, IV. "Preliminary Assessment of Wireless Communications Technology for Michigan Voting Systems." Analyst report submitted in Bailey v. Antrim County, Case No. 20-9238-CZ (13th Circuit Court, Michigan), April 9, 2021. Filed as Exhibit B in related proceedings. Available via Matthew DePerno Law Office

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Forensic analysis of the Maricopa County EMS server and client workstations revealed 59 open ports at boot, active IPv6, and enabled Terminal Services and Remote Access features. Unallocated hard drive space yielded artifacts of internet connections to public URLs and foreign entities on devices officials represented as strictly air-gapped. The audit team found the Windows security event log was configured to auto-overwrite, with the earliest retained log dated February 5, 2021 - meaning no Election Day 2020 logs were preserved.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

493. Arizona Senate Audit Presentation: Deleted Election Files — Scribd
494. SLI Compliance Forensic Audit Report - Maricopa County

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Forensic examination of Dominion Democracy Suite EMS in Mesa County documented that SQL Server port 1433 was configured to accept connections from any IP address worldwide - enabling any actor with credentials to directly query and modify election databases outside the certified application layer. Investigators demonstrated this empirically: a non-Dominion workstation and even an iPhone SQL client were used to directly modify election databases in the live EMS environment.

📍 Jurisdiction: Mesa County, Colorado, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

495. Mesa County Forensic Report No. 2 — Scribd
496. Mesa County Forensic Report #3 — LetsFixStuff.org

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Prof. J. Alex Halderman (Univ. of Michigan), as expert in Curling v. Raffensperger, documented through hands-on forensic testing that Georgia's Dominion ImageCast X (ICX) BMDs contain critical vulnerabilities enabling attackers to: (1) alter ballot QR codes (the actual counted data); (2) install malicious software remotely from the EMS; and (3) subvert audit log entries. CISA was notified September 2021 but suppressed public disclosure for 22 months, finally acknowledging nine vulnerabilities in a June 2022 advisory - while Georgia conducted additional elections on the same platform.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

497. Security Analysis of the Dominion ImageCast X — CITP Blog (Univ. of Michigan Prof. Halderman)
498. Halderman Report Released in Georgia Confirms Votes Can Be Unsealed — The Gateway Pundit

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Forensic examination of the Antrim County EMS server (Allied Security Operations Group, court- authorized in Bailey v. Antrim County) documented two successful remote logins by an "Anonymous" user with escalated administrative privileges on November 5 and November 17, 2020 - during critical tabulation and post-election periods. The logins originated from external addresses and the supposedly isolated system was accessed by untraceable actors. The same server subsequently showed all 2020 adjudication logs missing while prior years' logs remained intact.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

499. Affidavit of Benjamin R. Cotton (June 8, 2021) — DePerno Law (Bailey v. Antrim County filing)
500. On the Five-Year Anniversary of 2020 Election, Michigan Court Moves the Goalposts — The Gateway Pundit

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Michigan state contract 071B7700117 with Dominion Voting Systems explicitly contemplates internet connectivity for precinct-level tabulation: the contract describes wireless/cellular results transmission, specifies precinct tabulators require an external wireless modem and active GSM SIM card, and identifies the "ImageCast Listener" as a "turnkey solution for internet-based results transmission." Canton Township records include Dominion invoice DVS134375 for annual cellular modem billing - confirming active modem service during the 2020 cycle - while officials and the vendor publicly denied internet connectivity.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

502. Michigan Dominion Voting Systems Contract 071B7700117
503. 7700117 - DOMINION VOTING SYSTEMS, INC. Contract Change Notice — State of Michigan DTMB (“Internet” explicitly mentioned 14 times in contract)

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Independent forensic examination of Fulton County's Dominion Democracy Suite 5.5 server found: (a) open external network interfaces; (b) actively enabled remote-desktop protocols (VNC and RDP); and (c) data routing to foreign networks including a Canadian IP address - nullifying the required air gap. The Pennsylvania Secretary of the Commonwealth subsequently decertified Fulton County's machines - not for the forensic violations found, but purportedly because Fulton County had permitted an independent audit. Fulton County sued, characterizing the decertification as unlawful retaliation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

504. Fulton County, PA Speckin Forensics Report, September 15, 2022
505. County of Fulton v. Secretary of the Commonwealth, Pennsylvania Supreme Court, 3 MAP 2022, opinion at

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The Wisconsin OSC (Gableman) Special Counsel Report documented that ESS voting tabulators deployed statewide were equipped with active 4G wireless modems enabling internet connectivity. In Green Bay, all ESS voting machines were connected to a secret, hidden Wi-Fi access point located at the Grand Hyatt hotel - the central count facility - controlled not by any government employee but by Michael Spitzer-Rubenstein, a private CTCL operative. At 9:29 PM on November 3, Spitzer- Rubenstein emailed Green Bay City Attorney Chavez regarding delayed ballot deliveries and unilaterally decided they should be counted without legal challenge.

📍 Jurisdiction: Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

506. Statement of Progress, Office of Special Counsel Second Interim Report
507. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just the News

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Election Systems & Software (ESS) admitted in a 2018 letter to Sen. Ron Wyden that it had installed pcAnywhere remote access software on election management systems sold to customers between 2000 and 2006, directly contradicting its prior public representations that it had never done so. ESS refused to disclose which states and counties received affected systems.

📍 Jurisdiction: National, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

508. ES&S Letter to Sen. Wyden — DocumentCloud
509. Voting machine vendor says it installed remote software connections on some systems — CyberScoop
510. A Voting-Machine Manufacturer Installed Remote-Access Software — Pacific Standard

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Election Systems & Software (ESS), which operates the largest installed base of voting machines in the United States, admitted in a 2018 letter to Senator Ron Wyden that between 2000 and 2006, it installed pcAnywhere remote-access software on election management systems sold to customers - directly contradicting prior public representations. Critically, Symantec's pcAnywhere source code was stolen by hackers in 2006 and publicly disclosed as compromised in 2012, meaning that any ESS system with pcAnywhere installed during this window was potentially accessible to anyone possessing the stolen source code - including sophisticated foreign state actors. ESS refused to disclose to Congress which specific states and counties received systems with the software installed and refused to seek Colorado certification when that state required vulnerability testing results be made public. Pennsylvania deployed ESS systems in multiple counties, and ESS refused to identify which Pennsylvania jurisdictions received affected systems, preventing state-level security assessment.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

513. ES&S Letter to Sen. Wyden — DocumentCloud
514. Voting machine vendor says it installed remote software connections on some systems — CyberScoop
515. A Voting-Machine Manufacturer Installed Remote-Access Software — Pacific Standard
516. Pennsylvania decertifies county's voting system after 'audit' — WHYY
517. Pennsylvania decertifies county's voting machines after 2020 audit — Reuters
518. County of Fulton, et al. v. Sec. of Com. — Justia

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President and CEO of Election Systems & Software — testified under oath. When asked about supply chain components from China or Russia, Burt stated: "We do have a limited number of components that come from China... the potential for a backdoor threat really doesn't pertain to inert items like a piece of plastic or a piece of metal. What we really should be concerned about are the programmable logic devices." The DS200 tabulator features several components made overseas including a wireless 4G card that enables hidden remote access. The manufacturer of the wireless 4G card used in the ES&S DS200 is a company named Telit — an Internet of Things company that has recently taken major investment from a Chinese investment fund that has ties to the Chinese Communist Party, according to UK media reporting. While the company's website states that "zero" of its voting tabulators are connected to the internet, ES&S told NBC News 14,000 of their DS200 tabulators with online modems are currently in use around the country. Critics also argue ES&S misled jurisdictions into thinking their DS200 tabulators with modems are certified by the U.S. Election Assistance Commission.

📍 Jurisdiction: United States

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On October 23, 2020 - 11 days before Election Day - a poll worker at the North Fulton Government Service Center reported that one of the computers used for Absentee Ballot Processing had been remotely accessed from somewhere else, with the remote party taking control of the computer and deleting information. This incident was known to Frances Watson, Chief Investigator of the Georgia Secretary of State's Investigations Division, who initiated the email chain documenting the report. The computer was confirmed to be connected to the internet via Wi-Fi. The critical established facts are: (1) a computer in the absentee ballot processing chain was confirmed to have been remotely accessed and manipulated; (2) data was deleted from that computer during an active election period; (3) the incident was reported to the Secretary of State's Investigations Division; and (4) no public criminal referral or prosecution has been documented as resulting from this incident. Whether the remote access originated from a domestic or foreign actor is unknown - no forensic investigation has been publicly disclosed. A computer used in absentee ballot processing that was remotely accessed with data deletion during the pre-election period presents a direct pathway for election interference, regardless of the perpetrator's national origin.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

523. Investigative Report: Information Integrity and Allegations of Technology-Mediated Election Interference
524. Fulton County 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
525. 18 U.S.C. § 1030 (CFAA — unauthorized computer access and intentional data deletion during live election period).

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Forensic examination of ESS DS400 tabulator thumb drives confirmed that each DS400 was equipped with a Verizon cellular wireless communications card that was active on power-up. Both devices were configured to transmit election results to IP address 10.48.51.1 - a private network address accessible remotely only through the public internet or a VPN. This finding directly contradicts ESS's public representations that its tabulators do not have internet connectivity. A cellular modem that activates on power-up and transmits results to a network-accessible private IP establishes a functional, built-in data transmission pathway of unknown destination.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

526. Affidavit of Benjamin R. Cotton — DePerno Law
527. Affidavit of Benjamin R. Cotton — DePerno Law
528. Antrim County Technology Expert Witness Comparisons — LetsFixStuff.org

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In 2022, Dr. Coomer’s testimony was characterized by categorical denials of remote access and internet connectivity. By 2026, he admitted to the existence of Virtual Private Network (VPN) configurations, Remote Access Servers (RAS), and secure FTP infrastructure used to transmit live tally data. Furthermore, while Dr. Coomer identified as a "Chief Software Architect" in 2022, he explicitly denied writing code or designing systems in 2026. These discrepancies represent a material departure from the narrative provided to the grand jury investigating election interference.

📍 Jurisdiction: United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

529. 2022 Testimony by Eric Coomer
530. 2026 Testimony by Eric Coomer
531. Coomer Caught Lying - The Sequoia Connection

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CISA's own classified TLP-AMBER Election Infrastructure Subsector Cyber Risk Summary - produced but not publicly released in a voter-accessible form - documented: (1) 319 Critical-severity and 1,820 High-severity vulnerabilities in election infrastructure during the 12 months preceding Election Day; and (2) approximately 47% of election infrastructure entities with Critical vulnerabilities experienced active exploitation events during 2020. On the same day the election was held - November 3, 2020 - CISA issued Alert AA20-304A documenting that Iranian APT actors obtained U.S. voter registration data. On October 9, 2020, CISA issued Alert AA20-283A documenting APT actors targeting state, local, tribal, and territorial government networks containing election infrastructure. Notwithstanding this classified and public documentation of active foreign exploitation of election infrastructure, CISA Director Christopher Krebs signed the November 13, 2020 joint statement declaring the election "the most secure in American history." This declaration - issued 10 days after CISA's own alert documenting Iranian APT success in obtaining voter data - creates a direct and legally significant contradiction between CISA's public statement and its own classified and unclassified risk data. CISA additionally sought to suppress the Halderman vulnerability report for 22 months after it was disclosed in September 2021. These 22 months encompassed Georgia's January 5, 2021 Senate runoff elections - conducted on the same vulnerable BMD platform - during which voters received no warning of the documented vulnerabilities.

📍 Jurisdiction: National, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

532. EXCLUSIVE: Former CISA Chief Chris Krebs LIED Under Oath — The Gateway Pundit
533. Iranian Advanced Persistent Threat Actor Identified Obtaining Voter Registration Data — CISA/FBI Advisory

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In the Sept. 24 hearing, CyFIR revealed and showed that not only can these ballot machines access the internet, but in Maricopa County they did access the internet. In the hearing, CyFIR provided the time & date stamps to prove it as well as the IP addresses of the computers they connected to.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

534. Senator Wendy Rogers

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The pre-election logic and accuracy testing tabulator configurations were not consistent with how the tabulators were actually deployed in support of election operations. Logic and accuracy testing was conducted for precinct tabulators, however, the zero tapes for tabulators show that tabulators were deployed in support of ballot styles and precincts for which they were never tested. Livonia, Wayne County, Michigan

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

411. City of Livonia 2020 General Election Ballot Style Anomaly Analysis by investigator Narelle Brigden

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The Maricopa County Board of Supervisors certified the county's 2020 general election results despite documented, forensically confirmed non-compliance with critical election security protocols. The Cyber Ninjas forensic audit documented that the Dominion Democracy Suite EMS software was materially altered from its certified "golden image" configuration, that all user accounts on all election systems shared a single password in violation of the Arizona Election Procedures Manual, and that election management system logs had been systematically overwritten prior to the audit - eliminating the forensic record that would have been required to verify tabulation integrity. Post-certification, the Board refused to produce administrative passwords, defied legislative subpoenas for EMS servers and routers, and directed its vendors (including Dominion Voting Systems) not to cooperate with the Arizona State Senate's legislatively authorized forensic audit. A resolution was subsequently introduced by State Representative Mark Finchem to decertify the results as irredeemably compromised. The legal basis for certification - that the Board had reviewed the underlying records and found them sufficient - was facially undermined by the Board's simultaneous assertion that the election's records were protected from audit.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

536. Second Declaration of Benjamin R. Cotton — Court Filing; see also Affidavits- Reports Spreadsheet (Election Integrity Sandbox)
537. Cyber Ninjas Response to Maricopa County Analysis of Senate Report, § 1.9.4.2.
538. Fann Letter, Sept. 24, 2021 ('The audit found that Maricopa County overwrote the entire activity log in its Election Management System')
539. HCR 2033 — Arizona Legislature, 55th Leg., 2d Reg. Sess. (2022)

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[Established Fact - As to software configuration] The forensic analysis conducted by Ben Cotton of CyFIR documented that the Maricopa County EMS contained an unauthorized compiler capable of creating and executing files during the active voting period - a capability not present in the EAC-certified Dominion Democracy Suite 5.5B configuration. The Cotton analysis, presented to the Arizona Senate, further documented that neither the operating system nor antivirus software had been patched since August 2019, and that a single, shared password was used for all user accounts across all EMS systems - in direct violation of the Arizona Election Procedures Manual. Certification of results produced by an EMS operating outside its certified configuration without disclosure of that deviation to the canvassing board constitutes a certification of results whose provenance cannot be verified.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

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Fulton County Board of Registration and Elections member Mark Wingate formally and explicitly voted against certifying the 2020 general election results. In a sworn affidavit, Wingate stated that he refused certification because the Board was specifically informed - before the certification vote - that the county had performed no signature verification on over 147,000 absentee-by-mail ballots. O.C.G.A. § 21-2-386(a)(1)(B) requires that absentee ballots be accepted only after the registrar "compare[s] the signature or mark of the elector on the envelope with the signature or mark of the elector on the absentee ballot application." The complete absence of signature verification on 147,000 ballots is not a documentation gap or administrative irregularity - it is a wholesale failure to perform a mandatory statutory function. Wingate additionally questioned the fundamental accuracy of the active/inactive voter rolls as a basis for his refusal. The certification proceeded over his dissent.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

548. Fulton County Board of Registration and Elections Approved Minutes November 13, 2020 — [Fulton County Government]

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[Established Fact - Document delivery, Brater direction, and Baxter denial documented under oath] One day before the November 17, 2020 Wayne County Board of Canvassers certification meeting, Canvassers Palmer and Hartmann observed a black trunk being delivered containing a new, revised Statement of Votes for the absentee counting boards - a substitution of official documentation thirteen days after the election and one day before the certification vote. Bureau of Elections Director Jonathan Brater directed Palmer to resolve precinct imbalances by consulting Detroit AVCB Director Daniel Baxter, who possessed an "unlisted list" of voters - a list exclusive to Detroit, with no counterpart in Wayne County's other 42 municipalities. During the November 23, 2020 State Board of Canvassers certification meeting, Board member Norman Shinkle directly asked Director Baxter whether he had provided revised poll lists to the Wayne County Board. Baxter answered: "No. I'm not aware of that." This sworn denial is directly contradicted by Brater's documented direction to Palmer and by the physical delivery of the black trunk. If Baxter's denial was knowingly false, it constitutes perjury under MCL §750.423 or a false official statement under 18 U.S.C. §1001 if made in connection with a federal proceeding. The origins, compilation, and chain of custody of the "unlisted list" have never been disclosed by the Secretary of State's office.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

554. TCF Timeline: The 2020 General Election in Detroit — MC4EI
555. Monica Palmer Affidavit
556. State Board of Canvassers Nov. 23, 2020 certification meeting transcript (Norman Shinkle questioning Baxter); transcript filed in Texas v. Pennsylvania

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[Established Fact - As to promise, reliance, repudiation, and affidavit rescissions] The specific mechanism by which Palmer and Hartmann's conditional certification votes were obtained - a promise by fellow canvasser Jonathon Kinloch that a comprehensive audit would be conducted, followed within hours by Secretary of State Benson's public statement that the promise was not binding - constitutes a potential case of fraudulent inducement of a quasi-judicial act. Palmer and Hartmann's affidavits make explicit that their conditional votes were cast solely in reliance on the audit promise; without that promise, they would not have changed their votes. The repudiation of the promise immediately after the conditional votes were recorded establishes that the promise either was known to be false when made or was made by someone without authority to bind the Secretary of State. Either characterization supports a finding of fraud in the procurement of a governmental certification. The subsequent refusal of both canvassers to sign the official certification paperwork establishes that, under their own assessment of their legal obligations, they never provided valid consent to certification.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

567. Monica Palmer Affidavit
568. November 17, 2020 Wayne County Canvassing Board Minutes
569. GOP members of Wayne County Board of Canvassers Bullied to Rescind — Just the News; see also “What Happens in MI When County Canvassers Refuse to Certify an Election?”, https://x.com/pjcolbeck/article/1829261055685448095
570. Official Wayne County 2020 Election Certification paperwork

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In June 2022, the three‑member Otero County Commission, acting as the county canvassing board, voted unanimously not to certify the June 7 primary election results.Commissioners cited “distrust of Dominion vote‑tallying machines” and dissatisfaction with the state’s prior audit of the 2020 results as their basis. Underscores need for transparency in the conduct of elections in order to promote trust in our election systems.

📍 Jurisdiction: Otero County, New Mexico, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

574. Otero County Commissioners Vote Unanimously NOT to Certify Election Results

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Delaware County, Pennsylvania certified its 2020 general election results despite the absence of complete foundational documentation for the majority of its precincts. In response to a Right-to- Know Law request, Delaware County's own records revealed that 244 of its 428 precincts - 57% - were missing valid return sheets at the time of certification: 15 return sheets were entirely absent from county records, 16 were blank, and 213 were incomplete. A return sheet is the primary precinct-level record that reconciles the number of ballots cast with the number of voters who signed in - it is the document that makes a precinct's results auditable. Certification in the absence of complete return sheets means that the Delaware County Board of Elections certified results for which it possessed no complete foundational documentary basis - it certified totals that could not be verified from the underlying records in the county's own possession. This is not a post-hoc records gap; it is a certification gap that existed at the time the certification was signed. The return sheet records were subsequently reportedly destroyed, compounding the legal violation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

575. Moton, Hoopes & Stenstrom v. Boockvar, CV-2022-000032 (Del. Cty. CCP, Jan. 1, 2022), ¶¶ 128–135 citing RTKL Response June 28, 2021 — the breakdown: 15 no Return Sheets + 16 blank + 213 missing info = 244 of 428 precincts
576. Same complaint ¶¶ 128–135 — poll worker coordinator admissions on missing yellow books, scanner-to-book discrepancies, JOE refusals.
577. Gregory Stenstrom, Sworn Declaration, Nov. 9, 2020 (DOJ-filed) — firsthand chain-of-custody account
578. Hoopes & Stenstrom SCOTUS Cert. Petition No. 22-503, App. p.3 (Mar. 14, 2023) — "220 of 428 return sheet records not returned or missing" (narrower definition, for context)
579. Stunning Election Fraud Found In Delaware County, PA — Skagit Republicans
580. Appendix - Supreme Court of the United States — U.S. Supreme Court

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Forensic analysis conducted during the Arizona Senate-ordered Cyber Ninjas audit revealed that the Maricopa County Recorder's office deleted the entire 2020 General Election database from the Election Management System (EMS) - including all activity logs - in the days following a court order directing Maricopa County to produce election materials to the Arizona State Senate. Specifically, more than 37,000 identical queries were run on the EMS server in rapid sequence, effectively overwriting the activity log. The audit contractor documented that 284,412 ballot images were corrupt or missing when the system was restored, and that all data in the EMS database related to the 2020 General Election had been fully cleared. This destruction of the digital baseline - accomplished after litigation was pending and a subpoena was outstanding - eliminated the primary mechanism by which any independent recount or audit could have verified whether reported vote totals matched the underlying ballot corpus. The digital record that would have enabled a valid independent recount was rendered irrecoverable. Senate Audit Liaison Ken Bennett separately confirmed that the required chain-of-custody documentation under A.R.S. §16-621(E) was never produced.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

587. Cyber Ninjas Forensic Audit Volume I Executive Summary, p. 1, "Logs appeared to be intentionally rolled over, and all the data in the database related to the 2020 General Election had been fully cleared."
588. BREAKING: Maricopa County Elections Officials DELETED ENTIRE DATABASE DIRECTORY from Voting Machines — The Gateway Pundit
589. 9/27/21 High-Level Review of the September 24, 2021 AZ Senate Audit Report
590. HCR 2033
591. Ken Bennett Confirmed Chain-of-Custody Documentation Under A.R.S. § 16-621(E) Was Never Produced, Arizona Senate Hearing on the 2020 Election Audit, July 15, 2021, Ken Bennett testimony at 07:14 and 08:48

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Arizona Senate President Karen Fann documented in her September 24, 2021 letter to Attorney General Mark Brnovich that Maricopa County and its vendors - including Dominion Voting Systems – did not cooperate with the Senate-authorized audit and recount. This constitutes an affirmative act of obstruction against a lawfully authorized legislative oversight function. Because the audit was the only independent quantitative verification of the 2020 vote count available outside official county processes, obstruction of the audit is functionally indistinguishable from obstruction of the recount. Maricopa County's simultaneous refusal to produce chain-of-custody documentation, the missing ballot images, and the vendor non-cooperation directive collectively eliminated any independent basis for verifying the accuracy of the certified results. Fann's letter further noted that Maricopa County failed to provide documentation sufficient to reconcile duplicated ballots to corresponding original ballots.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

592. Maricopa County and Dominion refuse to comply with subpoenas — CBS News
593. County supervisors plan response to Senate's election audit concerns — Arizona Republic
594. Senate President Karen Fann's public statement on August 2, 2021 named both the Board and Dominion together, "It is unfortunate the noncompliance by the County and Dominion continues to delay the results and breeds distrust."

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During the candidate-requested machine recount of the 2020 General Election in Fulton County, the Election Oversight Group (EOG), LLC, conducting forensic analysis pursuant to court-ordered document production in Curling v. Raffensperger, documented that 3,930 ballots were systematically double-scanned and double-counted. The mechanism was deliberate and multi-step: ballots that had already been scanned and assigned to existing batches (batches 17, 18, and 19) were extracted from those batches, consolidated into a new batch, and scanned a second time on a different tabulator (tabulator 794), resulting in each ballot being counted twice. EOG documented that this process required affirmative, sequential human action - it is not attributable to operator error. Additionally, hundreds - and likely thousands - of test ballots produced during Logic and Accuracy testing were improperly included in the official recount totals, despite not having been part of the original count. The machine recount was certified and publicly used to "confirm" the accuracy of the original election results, despite having incorporated these fabricated and double-counted totals. The certified recount result was then transmitted to Georgia state officials and publicly represented as an independent verification of the original count.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

595. Fulton County, GA 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
596. READ: The Gateway Pundit Obtained the Report Used to Secure FBI Warrant — The Gateway Pundit
597. Georgia reprimands Fulton County for scanning ballots twice in 2020 recount — Just The News

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The official machine recount of the 2020 General Election in Fulton County was certified despite the documented absence of 17,852 ballot images. This finding was confirmed by two independent expert declarations filed in Curling v. Raffensperger: (1) Professor Philip B. Stark, a member of the Board of Advisors of the U.S. Election Assistance Commission and inventor of risk-limiting audits, stated that "for the second machine count, Fulton County's production included images of ballots and printout cards for 510,073 of the 527,925 cast vote records - 17,852 image files are missing"; and (2) Professor Duncan Buell independently confirmed that approximately 17,800 images and the same number of .sha files are missing from the presidential count. Professor Stark further stated that the electronic records of the election are "not intact" and that Fulton County's lack of basic accounting controls makes it "impossible to determine who really won in 2020." EOG further documented that thousands of ballots are unique to each count - present in the original count and absent from the recount, or vice versa - a result that is "not possible by natural means or mistake," indicating the ballot corpus itself was not stable between counts. The recount was nevertheless certified and publicly used to corroborate the original results.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

598. SEB2023-025 Report of Investigation — Georgia State Election Board
599. Fulton County, GA 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
600. VoterGA SEB2023-025 Presentation — VoterGA

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[Established Fact - False ballot rate, batch discrepancies, SEB referral] Georgia's mandatory hand- count audit - conducted in lieu of a traditional recount as the first-tier verification mechanism - was subsequently documented by the Governor's own SEB complaint (SEB2021-181) to contain a false- ballot rate of approximately 4.52% among absentee ballots audited. EOG calculated, by extrapolating this error rate across the statewide proportion of absentee ballots, a potential impact of approximately 49,718 false Biden votes and 9,066 false Trump votes. The certified Biden margin in Georgia was 12,670 votes - a figure smaller than a single county's identified error pool. The hand- count also produced 36 batch tally sheet inconsistencies, adding 6,691 fictitious votes to the reported totals, of which 5,618 benefited Biden and 1,025 benefited Trump. Fulton County was aware of these discrepancies at the time and is alleged to have concealed them for two years during SEB2021-181 investigation. Despite all of this adverse information, the hand-count result was certified and transmitted to the Secretary of State as the basis for final certification, without any disclosure of the known error rate or batch tally discrepancies.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

601. Fulton County, GA 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC
602. Georgia investigation finds errors in Fulton audit of 2020 election — Atlanta Journal-Constitution
603. Email Shows Top Fulton County Election Officials KNEW About Discrepancies — The Gateway Pundit

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[Established Fact - 71% imbalance rate, statutory mechanism, and recount disqualification are documented in official canvassing records] Michigan law, MCL §168.871, provides that when a precinct is "out of balance" - meaning the number of voters credited in the poll book does not match the number of ballots counted - that precinct is legally ineligible for a statutory hand recount. In Detroit, 71% of Absentee Voter Counting Board (AVCB) precincts were out of balance at the time of the recount. The statutory consequence: the vast majority of Detroit's absentee votes were disqualified from rigorous hand-recount verification by operation of law. This disqualification served as an effective shield - the most suspect precincts, those with documented imbalances between voters and ballots, were precisely the precincts excluded from the only independent quantitative verification mechanism available. The imbalance rate - 71% of Detroit's AVCB precincts, more than all other 82 Michigan counties combined - is an established fact drawn from the official canvassing record. The use of this statutory loophole to insulate Detroit's absentee votes from hand recount verification, whether deliberate or incidental, meant that the "recount" of Wayne County's most problematic votes was never conducted.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wayne County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

607. Election Officials Manual Chapter 18: Recounts — Michigan Bureau of Elections
608. Audits of the November 3, 2020 General Election — Michigan Bureau of Elections
609. Putting Detroit's vote count errors in context — Outlier Media

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[Established Fact - ASOG error rate, log anomalies, project file alteration, image deletion] Antrim County's tabulation system - Dominion Voting Systems Democracy Suite 5.5 - was documented by the Allied Security Operations Group (ASOG) forensic report to have a 68.05% error rate in tabulator logs, grossly exceeding the maximum allowable 1-per-125,000 error rate under Voluntary Voting Systems Guidelines (VVSG) §4.1.1. Of 15,676 total log events, 10,667 were critical errors or warnings. The election project file on the EMS was altered on October 23, 2020, replacing the original project built on September 25, 2020. Despite these documented system-level anomalies - which fundamentally called into question the reliability of the tabulator outputs - Michigan certified Antrim County's results without a full forensic accounting of why the certified results differed so dramatically from initial returns. Michigan Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson subsequently ordered the deletion of ballot images from Antrim County and other counties - destroying the physical evidentiary basis that would have enabled independent recount verification - before independent forensic analysis was complete. Expert Jeffrey Lenberg documented a vote-shift algorithm that appeared to redistribute votes between candidates. The machine recount effectively re-ran a compromised system's output without independent forensic resolution.

📍 Jurisdiction: Antrim County, Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

613. Allied Security Operations Group Antrim Michigan Forensics Report — U.S. Department of Justice
614. BREAKING: Antrim Co. Forensic Report BOMBSHELL Reveals Dominion Machines Were Set At 68.05% Error Rate — The Gateway Pundit
615. Antrim County: The Thread That Unravels 2020 Election Theft — LetsFixStuff.org

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The Public Interest Legal Foundation (PILF), analyzing EAC post-election survey data, documented that 440,781 Pennsylvania mail ballots were classified as "unknown" - meaning election officials had no record of what happened to them. This figure exceeded the certified presidential margin of victory (81,660) by a ratio of more than 5:1. Separately, Representative Francis Ryan's December 2020 report identified that Secretary Boockvar certified 6,915,283 votes for presidential candidates against only 6,760,230 voters recorded in the SURE system as having voted - a deficit of 155,053 votes over voters. No recount mechanism was triggered or designed to reconcile this voter-to-vote discrepancy. Pennsylvania's recount statutes govern the manual re-tallying of ballots; they do not require reconciliation of the SURE system voter record against certified totals. This structural gap means that a recount, even if perfectly conducted, would have re-tallied the same inflated ballot total without examining whether those ballots corresponded to actual voter participation records. The recount process was thus structurally incapable of detecting or correcting the most significant documented discrepancy in Pennsylvania's results.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

632. 440K Mail Ballots Went Missing or Undeliverable amid 81K Vote Margin of Victory in PA 2020 Presidential — PILF
633. REPORT: 440K Mail Ballots Went Missing or Undeliverable amid 81K Vote Margin of Victory in PA 2020 Presidential — PILF
634. Election Administration and Voting Survey 2020 Comprehensive Report
635. Testimony of Frank Ryan December 16, 2020 The mail in-ballots ... — US Senate Homeland Security Committee; see also Francis X. Ryan (R-Lebanon), PA 2020 Election Issues Summary / Citizen's Audit, December 20, 2020 (interim report), later transmitted to the U.S. Senate and submitted to DOJ. The 12/20/2020 interim report is reproduced in a DOJ communications PDF released September 2022 and separately in a Scribd presentation (PA Citizen's Audit of 2020 election). https://www.justice.gov/d9/pages/attachments/2022/09/19/09.13.22._-_comms_doj_and_congressional_state_officials_-_response.pdf

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On November 30, 2020, Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) Chairperson Ann Jacobs unilaterally signed the formal determination of the 2020 presidential election recount - and the determination of the presidential contest - without holding a full vote of the Wisconsin Elections Commission. This bypassed the bipartisan deliberative structure that Wisconsin statutes require. Wis. Stat. §5.05 establishes the WEC as a body that acts by majority vote of its six members - three from each major party - specifically to ensure that no single official can unilaterally determine the outcome of a contested election. By signing the recount determination without a full Commission vote, Chair Jacobs unilaterally transformed a bipartisan verification mechanism into a single-administrator act. The recount itself had been requested by the Trump campaign for Milwaukee and Dane Counties, covering approximately 800,000 ballots, at a cost of $3 million paid by the campaign. The unilateral certification of the recount determination prevented any dissenting commissioner from formally registering objections or demanding additional examination before the result was locked in. Special Counsel Michael Gableman, in his report on the administration of the 2020 Wisconsin election commissioned by the Wisconsin State Assembly, identified this unilateral act as a material procedural irregularity.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

636. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just The News
637. Wisconsin confirms Joe Biden as winner following recount — PBS News
638. Trump v. Evers WEC Response — Court Filing
639. Testimony of Frank Ryan December 16, 2020 The mail in-ballots ... — US Senate Homeland Security Committee; see also Francis X. Ryan (R-Lebanon), PA 2020 Election Issues Summary / Citizen's Audit, December 20, 2020 (interim report), later

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The Wisconsin Elections Commission issued administrative guidance memoranda in spring 2020 and on August 19, 2020, authorizing unstaffed ballot drop boxes as a permissible method of absentee ballot return. These memoranda were subsequently held by the Wisconsin Supreme Court in Teigen v. Wisconsin Elections Commission, 2022 WI 64, No. 2022AP91 (Wis. July 8, 2022), to be legally invalid on the ground that ballot drop boxes are illegal under Wisconsin statutes — specifically, that only two lawful methods of absentee ballot return exist under Wis. Stat. §6.87(4)(b)1. and an inanimate drop box satisfies neither. The court declined to address whether the guidance documents constituted unpromulgated administrative rules, resting its holding on statutory illegality alone; the circuit court below had additionally declared the memos invalid as unpromulgated rules under Chapter 227. The 2020 presidential recount — conducted in Milwaukee and Dane Counties only — confirmed and locked in vote totals that included ballots returned through these unlawfully authorized drop boxes. Wisconsin Stat. §6.84(2) provides in mandatory terms that "ballots counted in contravention of the procedures specified in [absentee ballot statutes] may not be included in the certified result of any election." The recount, by re-confirming results that included these ballots, incorporated totals that a subsequent court ruling established were cast in a manner having no statutory authorization. Justice Rebecca Grassl Bradley, joined by two other justices in the relevant portion of the Teigen opinion, wrote that Trump v. Biden, 394 Wis. 2d 629 (2020 WI 91), had allowed notions of equity to override mandatory statutory language — specifically, that the Trump v. Biden majority had refused to invalidate ballots cast through unlawfully authorized procedures by invoking laches rather than enforcing §6.84(2)'s mandatory terms. The recount process had no mechanism to exclude or identify drop-box ballots from the totals it was re-confirming, as ballot anonymity makes it impossible to trace a counted ballot to its method of return once separated from its envelope. transmitted to the U.S. Senate and submitted to DOJ. The 12/20/2020 interim report is reproduced in a DOJ communications PDF released September 2022 and separately in a Scribd presentation (PA Citizen's Audit of 2020 election). https://www.justice.gov/d9/pages/attachments/2022/09/19/09.13.22._- _comms_doj_and_congressional_state_officials_-_response.pdf

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

640. Teigen v. Wisconsin Elections Commission
641. WEC Absentee Ballot Drop Box Information August 19, 2020 — Wisconsin Elections Commission
642. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just the News

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The Maricopa County Recorder's office deleted the entire 2020 General Election database from the Dominion EMS server and purged SQL logs the day before the Arizona Senate's Cyber Ninjas forensic audit began, permanently eliminating native election-period system logs. When a backup was later restored, approximately 263,139 ballot images were corrupt and unreadable and about 21,273 ballot images were missing from the restored dataset, blinding auditors to the full digital chain of custody.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

643. Arizona Senate President Fann Letter on Deleted Databases — The Gateway Pundit
644. 9/27/21 High-Level Review of the September 24, 2021 AZ Senate Audit Report
645. Maricopa County Forensic Audit Volume III: Results Details — Cyber Ninjas Audit Report

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During Georgia's post-election Risk Limiting Audit (RLA), Fulton County auditors reported batch tally sheets that were "wildly inconsistent" with the underlying ballots. The Governor's office verified 36 specific batch discrepancies, resulting in 6,691 fictitious votes being effectively padded into the RLA results to make the audit appear to confirm the original machine count.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

646. Governor Kemp Letter to State Election Board (Nov 17, 2021) — US Supreme Court Filing
647. Georgia investigation finds errors in Fulton audit — Atlanta Journal-Constitution
648. Fulton County, GA 2020 General Election Report for Georgia State Election Board, Election Oversight Group, LLC

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Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger publicly announced that Pro V&V had conducted a forensic audit of Dominion voting machines and found "no sign of foul play." Open records responses from the counties named in his announcement showed no records of any such audit activity; Pro V&V was not accredited for forensic security audits, and the work actually performed was limited to a software hash check, not a substantive tamper or configuration review.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

649. Secretary Raffensperger Announces Completion of Voting Machine Audit Using Forensic Techniques — GA Sec of State
650. GA Sec. of State says 'no sign of foul play' after completing voting machine audit — NewsChannel 9
651. Smoke and Mirrors: New Evidence Suggests That NO Audit was Performed... — The Gateway Pundit
652. Amicus Document (Pro V&V Audit Non-Existent) — US Supreme Court

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Michigan's statewide Risk Limiting Audit was structurally compromised: under MCL 168.871, "out-of- balance" precincts are legally ineligible for hand recounts, and this rule was used to exclude roughly 71% of Detroit absentee counting boards from meaningful post-election scrutiny. Additionally, 21 county clerks simply failed to complete the required RLA, rendering the statutory "risk limit" mathematically uncomputable and forcing state officials to concede that the RLA functioned only as an "exercise."

📍 Jurisdiction: Wayne County, Michigan, United States

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After Fulton County permitted an independent forensic examination of its Dominion equipment at the request of the Pennsylvania Senate, the Secretary of the Commonwealth decertified the county's voting machines on that basis. At the same time, the Governor, Attorney General, and Dominion Voting Systems engaged in coordinated litigation to block the Senate's contractor (Envoy Sage) from conducting a broader forensic audit, citing proprietary and privacy claims.

📍 Jurisdiction: Fulton County, Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

663. Letter to Fulton County Officials from Acting Secretary of State — [PA Department of State]
664. Fulton County vs. Dominion Complaint — [Fulton County Court Filing]
665. Pennsylvania punishes county that allowed audit of vote counting machines — [Just The News]

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During the Wisconsin Legislature's investigation led by Special Counsel Michael Gableman, the Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC), the State Attorney General, and voting-machine vendors (Dominion and ES&S) refused to comply with legislative subpoenas seeking voting system data and logs. Local clerks asserted that providing secure copies of machine data to the legislature would "compromise election integrity," effectively blocking meaningful technical audits of the systems used to produce certified results.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

666. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Just The News
667. Voting machine company won't comply with Wisconsin subpoena — AP News
668. GOP election investigation: AG Josh Kaul seeks to block subpoenas — FOX6 News

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On November 4, 2020, Pennsylvania Republican legislators — including State Rep. Frank Ryan, a certified public accountant — reported in sworn testimony before the U.S. Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee that Pennsylvania's Department of State vote- reporting portal showed an updated Philadelphia County mail-in ballot count of 508,112 at 11:30 AM, despite their data showing only 432,873 ballots having been issued to Philadelphia County voters. The legislators reported that the figure was reduced later that same day. Ryan's testimony questioned "who had the authority to add and subtract votes on the ballot counts reported to the Department of State," and stated that "[e]ven if this was simply a data entry error, the lack of internal controls over such reporting necessitates a review of the numbers, the process and system access." No Pennsylvania state official produced a public incident report identifying who held portal access, why the figure appeared, or whether any downstream certification process was affected. Despite the anomaly having been raised in sworn federal testimony and in a formal letter to Congress signed by multiple Pennsylvania legislators, no major news outlet investigated or reported on the specific discrepancy; the episode received no coverage in contemporaneous Pennsylvania or national press commensurate with its potential significance, and no public accounting of the episode has appeared in the record since.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

684. Testimony of Rep. Frank Ryan, December 16, 2020
685. Young Internet Sleuth Reveals Evidence Showing Over 23K PA Ballots Were Filled Out and Returned Before They Were Ever Mailed To Voters — The Gateway Pundit
686. No, 'ballot dumps' in key states were not a magical surprise — PolitiFact

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Arizona state officials certified the 2020 general election on November 30, 2020 — signed by Secretary of State Katie Hobbs, Governor Doug Ducey, and Attorney General Mark Brnovich — despite documented discrepancies and missing chain-of-custody records that legislators and audit contractors subsequently identified as unresolved at the time of certification.

📍 Jurisdiction: Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

692. 9/27/21 High-Level Review of the September 24, 2021 AZ Senate Audit Report
693. Arizona Certificate of Ascertainment 2020 — National Archives (Official Govt Doc)
694. The 2021 Maricopa Audit Proved After Three Days that the 2020... — The Gateway Pundit

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On November 30, 2020, Secretary of State Katie Hobbs signed the official canvass certifying Arizona's 2020 general election results alongside Governor Doug Ducey and Attorney General Mark Brnovich — the same day Arizona Republican Party Chair Kelli Ward had a pending court action requesting examination of signatures on early ballot envelopes. The certification proceeded despite at least one active legal challenge and despite a formal request from Arizona Senate Republicans for an audit of Maricopa County ballots that would not be commissioned until March 2021. No forensic review of ballot chain-of-custody records had been completed at the time of certification. HCR 2033, introduced the following legislative session, characterized the November 30 certification as having occurred "even while a hearing was underway revealing election discrepancies and fraud" — language that, whatever its legal weight, reflects the contemporaneous legislative record that certification was not preceded by resolution of pending integrity challenges.

📍 Jurisdiction: Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

695. Arizona Certificate of Ascertainment 2020 — [National Archives](https://www.archives.gov/files/electoral-college/2020/ascertainment-arizona.pdf)
696. Ward court action filed same day: Arizona Republic, Nov. 30, 2020
697. HCR 2033 "hearing underway" language: HCR 2033, p. 7

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Georgia's State Election Board Rule 183-1-14-0.8-.14 required drop-box collection teams to "complete and sign a ballot transfer form . . . which shall include the date, time, location and number of ballots.” The Georgia Senate Judiciary Subcommittee's Chairman's Report (December of-Custody Documentation (GA) 3, 2020) found a "systematic failure to maintain appropriate records of the chain of custody for these ballots, both prior to and after voting and throughout the recount." True the Vote estimated that approximately 460,000 ballots were deposited in Georgia drop boxes during the 2020 general election — a figure not independently confirmed by any government body or validated by any court. Secretary of State Raffensperger certified the results on November 20, 2020, thirteen days before the Subcommittee issued its findings, with a certified Biden margin of 12,670 votes. The final official vote margin was 11,779 yielding further support for the assertion that the initial certification was premature.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

701. The 460,000 figure originates with True the Vote and affiliated election integrity groups who analyzed drop box surveillance video footage in Georgia. It was prominently cited in the film 2000 Mules (2022) and in related affidavits. The figure circulated widely but has not been verified by any government body or court.
702. SEB Rule 183-1-14-0.8-.14
703. GA Senate Judiciary Subcommittee Chairman's Report, Dec. 3, 2020
704. CNN, Nov. 20, 2020
705. Kemp formalization press release, Nov. 23, 2020

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On January 6, 2021, Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger transmitted a ten-page letter to the U.S. Congress, including then-Vice President Pence, in which he stated that the results reported by Georgia's voting systems "were accurate" and that "there is nowhere close to sufficient evidence to put in doubt the results of the presidential contest in Georgia." A subsequent analysis by VoterGA identified 42 false or misleading statements within the letter. Most critically: (a) the letter made no reference to the Georgia Senate Judiciary Subcommittee's finding — transmitted to Secretary Raffensperger and the executive branch on December 17, 2020 — that "the 2020 Georgia General Election was so compromised by systemic irregularities and voter fraud that it should not be certified"; when Senator Ligon was later asked what Raffensperger did with the Subcommittee's evidence, he stated: "the Secretary did nothing";(b) the letter omitted the existence of over 250 open election investigations which Raffensperger's own office had publicly acknowledged just fifteen days earlier, in a December 22, 2020 press release stating that the Secretary "has already launched over 250 investigations into credible elections concerns"; and (c) the letter asserted that Pro V&V had "conducted an audit of a random sample of Dominion Voting Systems voting machines throughout the state using forensic techniques," when Open Records Request responses from five of the six counties named in the letter confirmed that no Pro V&V audit had taken place in their counties, and no county received a copy of the Pro V&V Field Report or results. Senior U.S. District Judge Amy Totenberg, in Curling v. Raffensperger, No. 1:17-cv-02989 (N.D. Ga. 2019), had previously found that the Secretary's office was "not credible" and had "previously minimized, erased, or dodged the issues underlying this case.”

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

706. Refutation of Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger’s False Election Claims — VoterGA; see also https://www.ajc.com/politics/georgia-elections-chief-refutes-election-claims-in-letter-to-congress/RBZJQSTUOJECTO4EMSAXGXJSK4/
707. GA Senate Judiciary Subcommittee Chairman's Report, Dec. 3, 2020
708. December 22, 2020 SOS press release, quoted verbatim in Supreme Court amicus brief (May 31, 2024): "The Office of the Secretary of State has already launched over 250 investigations into credible elections concerns this year and begun a signature audit in Cobb County."
709. Supreme Court amicus brief (May 31, 2024): "Through the Georgia Open Records Request ('ORR') process, we obtained replies from the six counties in which Secretary Raffensperger stated the audit was conducted. Election Officials from five of the counties replied that the Pro V&V audit did not take place in their county . . . no documentation exists with the six counties that supports that statement." See also VoterGA Refutation Report (Point 17): "Cobb and Paulding counties indicated that no such audit was ever done in their counties."; see also Curling v. Raffensperger, No. 1:17-cv-02989, Doc. 579 (N.D. Ga. 2019), quoted in Supreme Court amicus brief (May 31, 2024)

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On November 23, 2020, the Michigan Board of State Canvassers certified the 2020 general election via a 3-0 vote, with Republican member Norman Shinkle abstaining. The certification proceeded despite Shinkle having been explicitly notified - and having raised on the record - that the underlying Wayne County certification was legally invalid, lacking the statutorily required minimum of three canvasser signatures to be effective under MCL §168.24e. This was not an abstract procedural defect: Wayne County contains the City of Detroit, whose Absentee Voter Counting Board precincts were 71% out of balance at the time of certification - more out-of- balance precincts than all other 82 Michigan counties combined. The official vote totals for Wayne County included 174,384 votes attributed to zero registered voters - an anomaly the Secretary of State attributed to "formatting conventions" but which Canvasser Palmer found inadequately documented under any statutory standard. The State Board certified Wayne County's returns without conducting any independent inquiry into the imbalances, without demanding a Republican signature, and without investigating the delivery of revised vote documentation one day prior to certification. State Board members Aaron Van Langevelde, Jeannette Bradshaw, and Julie Matuzak voted yes to certify with knowledge of these deficiencies on the record.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

710. Michigan board of state canvassers votes 3-0 to certify election results
711. Nov-23-2020-BSC-Meeting-Minutes.pdf

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In the weeks preceding the November 2020 general election, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court and Secretary of the Commonwealth Kathy Boockvar altered four core provisions of Pennsylvania's mail ballot law — Act 77 of 2019 — without action by the General Assembly. First, Act 77 unambiguously required all mailed ballots to be received by 8:00 p.m. on Election Day. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court, by a 4-3 vote, extended that deadline by three days, accepting ballots received as late as 5:00 p.m. on November 6, 2020, acknowledging that the statutory deadline was "constitutional on its face" and that its ruling was not an interpretation of the statute but an exercise of remedial authority it claimed under the state constitution's Free and Equal Elections Clause. Three Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court stated that this "squarely alters an important statutory provision enacted by the Pennsylvania Legislature pursuant to its authority under the Constitution of the United States," expressing "a strong likelihood that the [Pennsylvania] Supreme Court decision violates the Federal Constitution." Second, the court authorized the use of unmanned ballot drop boxes across the Commonwealth, a mechanism not authorized by statute, on the basis that Act 77's language permitting personal delivery to "the county board of election" encompassed locations other than the board's office. Third, Secretary Boockvar issued guidance on September 11, 2020 directing all county boards of elections to accept mail-in ballots without conducting signature verification — a practice that had previously been employed in at least some counties — effectively eliminating a verification mechanism without legislative sanction; the Pennsylvania Supreme Court subsequently ratified this guidance in a unanimous October 23, 2020 ruling. Fourth, on the eve of Election Day, Secretary Boockvar issued guidance authorizing counties to share information with political parties about mail ballots with deficiencies so that voters could be contacted and allowed to cure their ballots by casting provisional ballots in person — a "ballot Scribd presentation (PA Citizen's Audit of 2020 election). https://www.justice.gov/d9/pages/attachments/2022/09/19/09.13.22._- _comms_doj_and_congressional_state_officials_-_response.pdf curing" process not authorized by the Election Code and challenged as executive overreach in federal court.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

719. Act 77, § 11 provides that if any provision of the Act is found unconstitutional, the remaining provisions — including the entire mail-in voting authorization — are likewise void. The Commonwealth Court's January 28, 2022 holding that Act 77 is "void ab initio" means, under the Act's own nonseverability clause, that the entire mail-in voting authorization was void from enactment — which would encompass the 2020 election.
722. Trump v. Boockvar, No. 2:20-cv-00966-NR, Doc. 574 (W.D. Pa. Oct. 10, 2020) (discussing Boockvar guidance on ballot curing as challenged executive overreach) —
723. Federalist Society State Court Docket Watch analysis —

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Secretary of the Commonwealth Kathy Boockvar unilaterally and prematurely certified the statewide presidential election results on November 24, 2020, before Philadelphia County and Allegheny County had completed uploading their voter histories to Pennsylvania's Statewide Uniform Registry of Electors (SURE system). The consequence of this premature certification is mathematically irreconcilable: Representative Francis Ryan's December 2020 report, comparing certified vote totals against the SURE system record of voters who cast ballots, identified that Boockvar certified 6,915,283 votes for presidential candidates against only 6,760,230 voters recorded in SURE as having voted - a deficit of 155,053. The certified election results include more votes than voters. Additional voter-roll anomalies documented in official legislative correspondence include: 1,532 mail ballots cast by voters listed as over 100 years old; 41 Allegheny County ballots mailed to persons with a date of birth of January 1, 1800; 245 mail votes cast by voters with no date of birth in the system; 58,221 ballots returned on or before the date they were mailed; and 9,005 ballots with no mailed date recorded. Each of these categories was present in the certified totals. Boockvar certified these results knowing that Delaware County - which contributed data to the statewide total - had 244 of its 428 precincts with missing or incomplete Return Sheet documentation (an established fact drawn from Delaware County's own RTKL response). Pennsylvania's own Attorney General Josh Shapiro publicly stated that "certification of false results is fraud" under Pennsylvania law.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

729. Pennsylvania certifies its presidential election results, officially declaring Joe Biden the winner — Philadelphia Inquirer
730. PA Lawmakers: Numbers Don't Add Up, Certification of Presidential Results Premature and In Error — PA House GOP
731. PA 2020 Election Issues Overview — Citizen Audit Report

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On November 30, 2020, Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) Chairperson Ann Jacobs unilaterally signed the "determination of the recount and the presidential contest" without conducting a full vote of the Wisconsin Elections Commission or obtaining recorded approval from the broader Commission membership. This action was taken in the final hours before Governor Tony Evers signed Wisconsin's Certificate of Ascertainment - a timing that created maximum institutional momentum and minimum opportunity for deliberative review. Another WEC Commissioner, bypassed in the process, publicly called for Jacobs' resignation in direct response to the unilateral action. The OSC Gableman Report documented that WEC regularly conducted official business - including its drop box guidance of August 19, 2020, and its decisions regarding nursing home absentee voting procedures - without proper majority votes at publicly noticed meetings. Wis. Stat. § 5.05(1e) and § 5.05(5s)(a) require Commission action by majority vote at a publicly noticed meeting. Actions taken without this procedural predicate may be void ab initio under Wisconsin administrative law.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

732. Wisconsin State Canvass — Official State Document; see also Special Counsel Gableman Report, available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VHPg8ac3ou5_YYqh9zYe4DL5wuOGdeQE/view
733. Gableman Report — Legislative Report

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[Established Fact - As to subsequent court rulings] The Wisconsin 2020 presidential election certification incorporated votes cast under at least four categories of procedures subsequently found unlawful: (1) absentee ballot drop boxes, ruled illegal by Waukesha County Circuit Court in Teigen v. WEC (affirmed, 2022 WI 64); (2) absentee ballots collected from nursing home residents without Special Voting Deputies (SVDs) as required by Wis. Stat. § 6.875, producing documented 100% turnout rates among residents in cognitive-impairment facilities; (3) 220,404 "indefinitely confined" ballots cast by voters who did not meet the statutory eligibility criteria under Wis. Stat. § 6.86(2), following instructions from partisan county clerks advising any voter to claim that status; and (4) ballots cast by wards under guardianship who were legally ineligible under Wis. Stat. § 6.03(1)(a). WEC's certification did not note, qualify, or flag any of these categories. WEC Chairperson Jacobs certified results that incorporated votes cast through mechanisms that a court of competent jurisdiction later determined were illegal - a certification based on procedures whose legality was at minimum unresolved at the time of certification.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

734. Teigen v. Wisconsin Elections Commission (2022 WI 64) — Wisconsin Supreme Court; see also Special Counsel Gableman Report, available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VHPg8ac3ou5_YYqh9zYe4DL5wuOGdeQE/view
735. Jefferson v. Dane County (2020 WI 90) — Wisconsin Supreme Court
736. Office of the Special Counsel Second Interim Investigative Report — Wisconsin State Assembly

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Following the 2020 election, alternate Republican electors convened to cast a provisional slate preserving constitutionally authorized remedies for Congress to exercise. Concurrently, state legislators introduced HCR 2033 to formally decertify Arizona's election results. Years after Congress accepted the certification, Attorney General Kris Mayes initiated a grand jury proceeding and indicted 18 individuals associated with the alternate slate. The source document notes that Mayes privately admitted the election was "challengeable," creating a credible basis to characterize the prosecution as a retroactive lawfare effort to criminalize a historically established constitutional contingency process rather than a good-faith election law enforcement action. The prosecution therefore had the effect - regardless of ultimate legal resolution - of deterring future use of the constitutional alternate-elector mechanism.

📍 Jurisdiction: Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

737. HCR 2033 Arizona Legislature — Arizona Legislature
738. 2020 Presidential Election Unofficial Certificates — National Archives
739. Arizona prosecution of fake electors — Wikipedia

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The Arizona State Legislature introduced HCR 2033 as a formal effort to decertify the state's presidential electors, citing documented irregularities including deleted EMS files, overwritten security logs, and the Cyber Ninjas audit's finding that election files were deleted from scanner machines. This legislative dispute was active during the transmission of Arizona's Certificate of Ascertainment to Congress and the National Archives. Congress received no notification from Arizona executive officials that its own legislature had formally challenged the validity of the certification. The Cyber Ninjas audit finding that the EMS server's Windows security log contained no entries predating February 5, 2021 - meaning no Election Day logs were preserved - was not disclosed to Congress in any executive communication.

📍 Jurisdiction: Arizona, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

740. HCR 2033 — Arizona Legislature
741. Arizona Senate Letter on Deleted EMS Files — Washington Examiner

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On January 6, 2021, Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger transmitted a ten-page letter to Congress and Vice President Pence representing that no fraud or irregularities occurred in Georgia. The letter was not made public for several months after its transmission. A subsequent analysis by VoterGA identified what researchers characterized as 42 false or misleading statements within the letter. Critically, the letter omitted: (a) the Georgia Senate Subcommittee on Elections' December 17, 2020, conclusion that the election was "so compromised by systemic irregularities and voter fraud that it should not be certified"; (b) the Governor's referral of 6,691 fictitious ballots to the State Election Board (SEB2021-181); (c) the Secretary's own December 22, 2020 press release acknowledging over 250 open election investigations - just 15 days before the Congressional letter claimed no fraud had occurred; and (d) the fact that 148 advance voting tabulator returns in Fulton County had never been certified, as Fulton County later conceded in SEB2022-015. Congress was presented with an affirmative representation of election integrity while each of these material facts was contemporaneously known to the transmitting official.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

742. Georgia elections chief refutes election claims in letter to Congress — The Hill
743. VoterGA Refutes Raffensperger's Letter to Members of Congress — Times Examiner
744. True the Vote Files Affidavit in Trump Georgia Case — The Gateway Pundit

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Georgia Governor Brian Kemp certified the presidential election result with a margin of 12,670 votes despite the following known, unresolved conditions at the time of certification: (a) Fulton County's hand-count audit contained 6,691 fictitious votes (5,618 for Biden, 1,025 for Trump) as identified by the Governor's own referral in SEB2021-181; (b) 148 advance voting tabulator official returns in Fulton County were never certified, representing approximately 316,000-320,000 ballots, a defect Fulton County later conceded before the SEB; (c) Logic Accuracy testing had not been completed on advance voting equipment; and (d) the Georgia Senate Subcommittee had publicly issued its non- certification finding. Certification over these known conditions transmitted a facially defective state electoral result to Congress as a valid basis for the national certification.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

745. Governor Kemp Formalizes Election Certification
746. Georgia again certifies election results showing Biden won — AP News
747. Report of the Election Law Study Subcommittee of the Standing Senate Judiciary Committee — Cause of America (archived official report); see also RE Microsoft Kole House Data Elements and Sample Files.msg (series), available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vnw7BA7JfthGG91CISTEmdLMI2nfKrad/view

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The Georgia Senate Subcommittee on Elections, chaired by Senator William Ligon, issued a formal nine-finding report on December 17, 2020 - three weeks before the joint session - concluding the election "should not be certified." Senator Ligon confirmed the Secretary of State "did nothing" in response to these findings. This report was not referenced or transmitted to Congress as part of Secretary Raffensperger's January 6, 2021, communication. Congressional actors objecting to Georgia's electoral slate were thereby denied access to an official state legislative finding of non- certifiability that was directly relevant to their constitutional deliberation. The suppression of this finding from Congress - by the official responsible for transmitting the election narrative - is among the most significant informational failures documented in the national certification record.

📍 Jurisdiction: Georgia, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

748. Report of the Election Law Study Subcommittee of the Standing Senate Judiciary Committee — Cause of America (archived official report); see also RE Microsoft Kole House Data Elements and Sample Files.msg (series), available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Vnw7BA7JfthGG91CISTEmdLMI2nfKrad/view
749. DOJ Draft Letter Referencing Ligon Report — U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee

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Michigan's executive branch transmitted its Certificate of Ascertainment to the National Archives and Congress while lawful certification in Wayne County remained actively disputed: (a) Republican canvassers Monica Palmer and William Hartmann had initially refused to certify, citing 71 unbalanced absentee vote counting boards; (b) both canvassers subsequently executed affidavits claiming their ultimate signatures were obtained under duress; (c) multiple lawsuits demanding a Special Master review and enjoining transmission of the certification were pending in Michigan courts. Congress received Michigan's electoral certification without any executive disclosure of the legal disputes, the canvasser affidavits of duress, or the 71 unbalanced counting boards underlying the original refusal to certify - any one of which would have materially informed Congress's deliberation.

📍 Jurisdiction: Michigan, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

750. Monica Palmer Affidavit
751. Wayne County Canvassers Rescind Votes Affidavit — ClickOnDetroit
752. King v. Whitmer Amended Complaint — Court Filing; see also Costantino v Detroit, https://www.greatlakesjc.org/cases/costantino_v_detroit/

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Pennsylvania Secretary of the Commonwealth Kathy Boockvar, acting unilaterally, certified the Commonwealth's presidential electors to the National Archives and Congress on November 24, 2020 — while active election litigation remained pending, including a Third Circuit appeal of the federal court dismissal in Trump for President v. Boockvar and Kelly v. Commonwealth (No. 620 MD 2020), a state suit filed three days earlier expressly seeking to halt certification, which obtained a temporary injunction in Commonwealth Court the very next day. The certification preceded any opportunity for the General Assembly to exercise its constitutional authority, and the legislature's formal response was unambiguous: House Resolution 1094 (introduced November 30, 2020), adopted by 41 members, declared the certification "unilateral and premature," formally condemned the "infringement on the General Assembly's authority pursuant to the Constitution of the United States to regulate elections," and urged the United States Congress to "declare the selection of presidential electors in this Commonwealth to be in dispute." The certified result was therefore transmitted to Congress over the formal written objection of the legislature whose constitutional authority it purported to represent. The evidentiary foundation of the certification was itself subject to legal challenge. On October 23, 2020, on petition filed by Secretary Boockvar herself, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court issued a declaratory order directing county boards of elections "not to reject absentee or mail-in ballots for counting, computing, and tallying based on signature comparisons" — a ruling HR 1094 characterized as eliminating "a critical safeguard against potential election crime." (In Re: November 3, 2020 General Election, No. 149 MM 2020 [J-113-2020].) Separately, on January 28, 2022, an en banc panel of the Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court held in McLinko v. Commonwealth (No. 244 M.D. 2021) that Act 77 — the 2019 statute under which all no-excuse mail-in ballots in the 2020 election were cast — violated Article VII, Section 1 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, temporarily establishing that the statutory framework governing the certified ballots was constitutionally infirm. That ruling was subsequently reversed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court on August 2, 2022.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

755. PA Lawmakers: Numbers Don't Add Up, Certification of Presidential Results Premature and In Error — [PA House GOP](https://www.pahousegop.com/News/18754/Latest-News/PA-Lawmakers-Numbers-Don%E2%80%99t-Add-Up,-Certification-of-Presidential-Results-Premature-and-In-Error)
756. Pennsylvania Certificate of Ascertainment, National Archives — dated November 24, 2020; signed by Governor Tom Wolf; attested by Secretary Boockvar. Certifies 3,458,229 votes per Biden elector; 20 electors named

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[Established Fact - Letter exists and content documented] Former U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania William M. McSwain, in a documented letter, attests that Attorney General William Barr instructed him on Election Day 2020 not to make public statements or issue press releases regarding election irregularities, and directed him to pass all reports to Pennsylvania AG Josh Shapiro - who had pre-election publicly declared that Trump "could not win" Pennsylvania and could not be treated as a neutral party. This instruction prevented the senior federal law enforcement officer in Pennsylvania from publicly addressing election fraud allegations at the precise moment Pennsylvania's results were determinative of the national outcome. The net effect was that Congress received neither a federal law enforcement assessment of Pennsylvania irregularities nor any public documentation of the specific substantive allegations that U.S. Attorney McSwain had been positioned to evaluate.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

757. William McSwain Letter to Trump (quoted in Politico) — Politico
758. Trump Releases McSwain Letter on Barr Blocking PA Election Probes — Epoch Times
759. BREAKING: Trump Releases McSwain Letter Claiming Barr Blocked Investigation — The Gateway Pundit

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Pennsylvania's certified presidential results were transmitted to Congress on a procedural foundation that included: (a) extended ballot receipt deadlines ordered by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court over explicit statutory text; (b) elimination of signature verification for mail-in ballots; and (c) Act 77 of 2019's universal mail-in ballot provisions, which the Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court subsequently held unconstitutional on January 28, 2022, in McLinko v. Department of State. The national certification thus rested on a Pennsylvania state certification that was built on procedures subsequently adjudicated unconstitutional. While courts declined to provide relief in 2020 on procedural grounds, the subsequent constitutional invalidation of the underlying procedures is an established fact that retroactively confirms the certification's procedural infirmity.

📍 Jurisdiction: Pennsylvania, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

763. Republican Party of Pennsylvania v. Boockvar Statement — US Supreme Court
764. Pennsylvania Certificate of Ascertainment 2020 — National Archives
765. McLinko v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of State, No. 244 M.D. 2021 (consolidated with No. 293 M.D. 2021), Pa. Commonwealth Court, Jan. 28, 2022. Opinion by Judge Leavitt.

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Wisconsin's presidential certification - accepted by Congress on January 7, 2021 - was built in part on ballots cast through drop boxes authorized only by unpromulgated Wisconsin Elections Commission (WEC) administrative memoranda issued in March and August 2020. The Wisconsin Supreme Court, in Teigen v. Wisconsin Elections Commission, No. 2022AP91 (July 8, 2022), subsequently held those memoranda to be legally invalid administrative guidance without the force of law, and that ballot drop boxes are "illegal under Wisconsin statutes." Wisconsin Stat. §6.842 mandates that ballots cast in contravention of specified absentee procedures "may not be included in the certified result of any election." The Special Counsel's investigation confirmed the Wisconsin Legislature retained plenary authority under Article II to decertify the election. The certification Congress accepted therefore included a legally determined quantity of ballots cast under procedures ruled unlawful by the state's own Supreme Court.

📍 Jurisdiction: Wisconsin, United States

🔗 Sources cited by the report:

766. Teigen v. Wisconsin Elections Commission — Wisconsin Supreme Court
767. Second Interim Investigative Report on the Wisconsin Elections System — Wisconsin Assembly Special Counsel

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